长期以来，脓毒症都是重症监护病房（ICU）十分棘手的临床问题，尽管对大多数脓毒症患者均采取了合理的治疗方案，但仍难以有效降低其28 d死亡率。随着医疗水平的提高以及相关诊疗指南的发布，脓毒症的治疗方案变得越来越精细化、个体化，且脓毒症患者的28 d病死率也得到了有效的降低。但随访数据显示，出ICU的患者大多都会演变为慢性危重症，其中一种典型的类型就是持续性炎症反应-免疫抑制-分解代谢综合征（PICS），且大多数PICS患者出院后的平均生存时间仅为3~5年。因此，如何在降低患者28 d病死率的同时有效提高患者的出院后生存率成为亟待解决的问题。本文旨在对PICS的发病机制及诊疗的最新研究进展作一综述。

Sepsis has been a challenging clinical problem for a long time. Although reasonable treatment has been given to most sepsis patients, it is still difficult to reduce the 28-d death rate. However, with the improvement of medical standards and the related guidelines, the treatment of sepsis is becoming more refined and individualized, which effectively reduces the 28-d mortality rate in sepsis patients. However, follow-up data show that most of the patients in the ICU develop chronic critical illness (CCI). One of the typical types is persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). The average survival time of most PICS patients in the ICU is only 3-5 years after discharge. This bring us a new challenge, that is, how to reduce 28-day mortality while effectively improving the post-discharge survival rate. This article will review the new developments in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of PICS.