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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (04) : 352 -359. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2023.04.003

临床研究

脑损伤患者在压力支持通气模式下支持过度的发生率及影响因素
陈伟, 苗明月, 周益民, 高然, 徐珊珊, 田莹, 宋德婧, 王书鹏, 杨燕琳, 张琳琳, 周建新()   
  1. 100070 北京,首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院重症医学科
    100038 北京,首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院重症医学科
    100029 北京,中日友好医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-11 出版日期:2023-11-28
  • 通信作者: 周建新
  • 基金资助:
    首都临床诊疗技术研究及转化应用项目(Z201100005520050)

Prevalence and influence factor of over-assistance in brain-injured patients undergoing pressure support ventilation

Wei Chen, Mingyue Miao, Yimin Zhou, Ran Gao, Shanshan Xu, Ying Tian, Dejing Song, Shupeng Wang, Yanlin Yang, Linlin Zhang, Jianxin Zhou()   

  1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
    Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
    Department of Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2023-09-11 Published:2023-11-28
  • Corresponding author: Jianxin Zhou
引用本文:

陈伟, 苗明月, 周益民, 高然, 徐珊珊, 田莹, 宋德婧, 王书鹏, 杨燕琳, 张琳琳, 周建新. 脑损伤患者在压力支持通气模式下支持过度的发生率及影响因素[J]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2023, 09(04): 352-359.

Wei Chen, Mingyue Miao, Yimin Zhou, Ran Gao, Shanshan Xu, Ying Tian, Dejing Song, Shupeng Wang, Yanlin Yang, Linlin Zhang, Jianxin Zhou. Prevalence and influence factor of over-assistance in brain-injured patients undergoing pressure support ventilation[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2023, 09(04): 352-359.

目的

探讨机械通气的脑损伤患者在压力支持通气(PSV)模式下支持过度的发生率及相关影响因素。

方法

回顾性分析2017年6月至2019年7月期间北京天坛医院ICU收治的以PSV模式进行有创机械通气且进行食管压监测的成年脑损伤患者,运用软件(ICU-Lab 2.5软件包,KleisTEK,Bari,意大利)收集流量、气道压和食管压-时间波形数据,计算呼吸力学参数如吸气做功(WOB)、压力-时间乘积(PTP)等判定患者是否存在支持过度,统计支持过度发生率,分析支持过度和患者病情、呼吸机参数之间的相关性。其中,支持过度的定义1:食管PTP(PTPes)<50 cmH2O·s/min(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)或无效触发(IE)≥10%;定义2:WOB<0.3 J/L或IE≥10%,满足以上任意一项即认为存在支持过度。

结果

在71例接受PSV模式进行有创机械通气的成年脑损伤患者中,共收集173条数据;按照支持过度的定义1和定义2,其发生率分别为53.5%(38/71)和76.1%(54/71)。伤及脑干与非伤及脑干的脑损伤患者支持过度的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据定义1,支持过度与压力支持水平(PS)相关;根据定义2,支持过度与PS、镇痛镇静药物的使用相关,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。支持过度患者与非支持过度患者的ICU住院时间、机械通气时间、气管切开率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

接受PSV模式的脑损伤患者支持过度的发生率较高,与PS、镇痛镇静药物应用相关,需要针对这一特定人群进行监测与治疗。

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and influence factors of over-assistance in brain-injured patients undergoing pressure support ventilation (PSV).

Methods

Brain-injured patients with mechanical ventilation under PSV were retrospectively analyzed from June 2017 to July 2019 in the Intensive Care Unit of Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The data such as the flow, airway pressure, and esophageal pressure-time wave form were collected using the software (ICU-Lab 2.5 software package, KleisTek, Bari, Italy). The respiratory parameters such as WOB, PTP were calculated to determine whether the patient had over-assistance. Prevalence of over-assistance was counted, the relationship between over-assistance and patients’ conditions and ventilator settings. The clinical criteria for over-assistance were: PTPes<50 cmH2O·s/min (definition 1) or ineffective trigger ≥10%; or WOB<0.3 J/L or ineffective trigger ≥10% (definition 2).

Results

A total of 173 data sets were collected from 71 patients receiving mechanical ventilation in PSV. According to the two definitions, the incidence of over-assistance was 53.5%(38/71) and 76.1%(54/71), respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of over-assistance among patients with different types of brain injury (P>0.05). According to the definition 1, over-assistance was correlated with pressure support (PS) (P<0.05). According to the definition 2, over-assistance was associated with PS, the use of analgesic and sedative drugs (all P<0.05). There were no significant difference in ICU stay, mechanical ventilation time and tracheotomy rate between over-assistance and without over-assistance patients (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Brain-injured patients receiving PSV have a high incidence of over-assistance. The level of pressure support and analgesic and sedative strategies are associated with insufficient inspiratory effort indicating targeted monitoring and treatment for this specific population.

表1 71例脑损伤患者的人口学和临床特征[MQ25Q75)]
人口学和临床特征 定义1 统计值 P 定义2 统计值 P
支持过度(38例) 非支持过度(33例) 支持过度(54例) 非支持过度(17例)
年龄(岁) 53(39,62) 53(48,65) Z=1.407 0.159 54(41,64) 52(45,63) Z=1.914 0.056
男性[例(%)] 26(68.4) 23(69.7) χ2=0.013 0.908 37(68.5) 12(70.6) χ2=0.026 0.872
身高(cm)] 170(160,175) 172(165,178) Z=0.104 0.917 170(160,175) 175(165,178) Z=0.792 0.428
体质量(kg) 68.5(55,80.25) 70(64.5,85) Z=1.150 0.250 68.5(55,80) 70(65,86) Z=1.040 0.298
预计体质量(kg) 66.02(52.42,70.57) 67.84(56.97,72.84) Z=1.354 0.176 66.02(52.42,70.57) 70.57(61.47,72.84) Z=1.759 0.079
APACHEⅡ(分) 15(12,19) 17(14,21) Z=0.254 0.799 15(13,19) 18(14,24) Z=0.128 0.898
GCS(分) 10(7,11) 8(5,11) Z=1.953 0.051 10(7,11) 10(5,11) Z=0.624 0.532
PaO2/FiO2(mmHg) 195(174,308) 231(183,280) Z=0.283 0.778 231(178,303) 224(171,255) Z=1.307 0.191
人工气道管径(mm) 7.5(7,7.5) 7.5(7,7.5) Z=0.898 0.369 7.5(7,7.5) 7(7,7.5) Z=0.335 0.738
脑损伤类型[例(%)] χ2=1.175 0.278 χ2=0.193 0.661
脑干损伤 15(39.5) 9(27.3) 19(35.2) 5(29.4)
非脑干损伤 23(60.5) 24(72.7) 35(64.8) 12(70.6)
气道类型[例(%)] χ2=3.212 0.213 χ2=0.276 0.929
经鼻 13(34.2) 13(39.4) 19(35.2) 7(41.2)
经口 17(44.7) 18(54.5) 27(50.0) 8(47.0)
气切 8(21.1) 2(6.1) 8(14.8) 2(11.8)
表2 71例脑损伤患者呼吸段数据情况[MQ25Q75)]
吸收段数据 定义1 Z P 定义2 Z P
支持过度(64条) 非支持过度(109条) 支持过度(105条) 非支持过度(68条)
Pmus(cmH2O) 3.24(2.52,4.27) 8.92(5.77,12.72) 8.675 <0.001 4.05(3.10,5.45) 11.76(8.79,16.04) 9.864 <0.001
FI 1.54(1.25,1.84) 2.10(1.64,2.77) 5.836 <0.001 1.62(1.34,1.98) 2.30(1.83,3.30) 5.964 <0.001
RSBI[次/(min•L)] 37.89(30.57,49.32) 31.76(21.28,43.11) 2.973 0.003 38.54(30.05,50.83) 26.25(17.96,36.14) 5.027 <0.001
PTPes(cmH2O•s/min) 41.27(33.48,49.68) 114.93(74.85,171.80) 9.096 <0.001 51.47(37.01,73.92) 151.99(108.84,203.85) 0.112 <0.001
P0.1(cmH2O) 0.44(0.31,0.67) 0.85(0.53,1.27) 5.053 <0.001 0.51(0.31,0.75) 0.98(0.75,1.58) 6.539 <0.001
WOB(J/L) 0.11(0.08,0.16) 0.39(0.22,0.64) 8.757 <0.001 0.16(0.10,0.21) 0.57(0.42,0.79) 10.455 <0.001
△pes(cmH2O) 2.72(2.11,3.49) 7.63(4.92,11.13) 8.043 <0.001 3.27(2.47,4.95) 9.36(7.39,13.70) 9.442 <0.001
△Plung(cmH2O) 10.94(9.25,13.30) 14.89(11.59,19.30) 5.741 <0.001 11.07(9.57,13.48) 17.14(13.83,21.04) 8.329 <0.001
IE(%) 2.94(0.45,18.66) 0.50(0,1.60) 5.603 <0.001 1.21(0.30,6.51) 0.73(0,2.19) 2.203 0.028
PAV(%) 5.42(1.05,22.32) 0.78(0.22,2.82) 4.808 <0.001 1.61(0.36,12.41) 1.26(0,4.51) 1.465 0.143
GCS(分) 11(8,11) 9(6,11) 2.963 0.003 10(8,11) 9(5,11) 1.979 0.048
PEEP(cmH2O) 5(5,8) 5(5,8) 0.129 0.897 5(5,8) 5(5,8) 1.119 0.263
PS(cmH2O) 10(8,12) 9(8,12) 2.708 0.007 10(8,12) 9(8,10) 2.431 0.015
Vt/PBW(ml/kg) 8.31(7.38,9.30) 8.55(7.16,10.22) 0.843 0.399 7.73(6.85,9.11) 9.19(7.91,10.59) 4.050 <0.001
MV(L/min) 8.67(7.60,9.90) 9.60(7.81,11.48) 2.189 0.029 8.60(7.45,9.90) 10.07(8.55,12.27) 3.991 <0.001
pH 7.49(7.46,7.51) 7.47(7.43,7.49) 2.985 0.003 7.48(7.46,7.51) 7.47(7.42,7.49) 2.718 0.007
PO2(mmHg) 100(87,135) 105.0(83.5,126.0) 0.302 0.763 103.0(85.0,133.0) 104.5(85.5,120.0) 0.418 0.676
PCO2(mmHg) 37.5(34,41) 36(33,40) 1.276 0.202 36(33,40) 37(33,40) 0.484 0.628
HCO3-(mmol/L) 28.3(25.96,30.65) 26.9(24.6,28.1) 3.323 0.001 27.0(24.90,29.85) 27.0(24.95,28.3) 1.567 0.117
PaO2/FiO2(mmHg) 255(199,329) 263(197,325) 0.434 0.664 263(200,342) 249(194,297) 1.222 0.222
镇痛镇静情况[例(%)] χ2=6.557 0.084 χ2=10.291 0.014
镇静 4(6.3) 12(11.0) 9(8.6) 7(10.3)
镇痛 5(7.8) 18(16.5) 10(9.5) 13(19.1)
镇痛联合镇静 2(3.1) 9(8.3) 3(2.9) 8(11.8)
无镇痛镇静 53(82.8) 70(64.2) 83(79.0) 40(58.8)
表3 71例脑损伤患者支持过度的影响因素
图1 根据定义1定义的支持过度与非支持过度组脑损伤患者间的PS比较。定义1:PTPes<50 cmH2O•s/min或IE≥10%;1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa 注:PTPes为食管压力-时间乘积;IE为无效触发;PS为压力支持水平
图2 根据定义2定义的支持过度与非支持过度组脑损伤患者间的PS比较。定义2:WOB<0.3 J/L或IE≥10%;1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa 注:WOB为吸气做功;IE为无效触发;PS为压力支持水平
图3 镇痛镇静药物对脑损伤患者PTPes的影响。1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa 注:PTPes为食管压力-时间乘积
图4 镇痛镇静药物对脑损伤患者WOB的影响 注:WOB为吸气做功
图5 镇痛镇静药物对脑损伤患者无效触发率的影响
表4 支持过度对脑损伤患者预后的影响
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