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中华重症医学电子杂志 doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2025.05.27-0010

依拉环素治疗RICU老年重症肺炎合并CRAB感染五例
方凯1, 魏常娟1,()   
  1. 1. 324000 浙江衢州,浙江医疗健康集团衢州医院
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-25
  • 通信作者: 魏常娟
  • 基金资助:
    2022年度衢州市科技攻关项目(2022K85)浙江省中医药科技计划项目(2025ZL596)

Five cases of elderly patients with severe pneumonia complicated with Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in the respiratory intensive care unit treated with Eravacycline

Kai Fang1, Changjuan Wei1,()   

  1. 1. Zhejiang Medical and Health Group Quzhou Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, China
  • Received:2024-12-25
  • Corresponding author: Changjuan Wei
引用本文:

方凯, 魏常娟. 依拉环素治疗RICU老年重症肺炎合并CRAB感染五例[J/OL]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2025.05.27-0010.

Kai Fang, Changjuan Wei. Five cases of elderly patients with severe pneumonia complicated with Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in the respiratory intensive care unit treated with Eravacycline[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2025.05.27-0010.

目的

探讨依拉环素治疗RICU老年重症肺炎合并耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)患者的临床疗效和安全性分析。

方法

回顾性分析2023年11月至2024年3月浙江省医疗健康集团衢州医院呼吸与危重症医学科(RICU)收治的5例因既往长期应用抗菌药物及进行有创操作后合并CRAB肺炎的呼吸重症患者的临床资料,详细记录了患者发病过程、抗菌药物调整方案,通过患者应用依拉环素前后临床症状、感染指标、细菌培养及药敏试验结果、SOFA评分等相关方面的变化来评价临床疗效;以依拉环素治疗前后的生化指标、药物不良反应等作为安全性评价分析。

结果

5例患者均为老年患者。均在其痰液标本中检出CRAB。4例经依拉环素治疗后患者临床症状得到改善、感染指标较前下降,痰液标本中未再检测出CRAB,生化指标较前无明显变化,1例患者因肠源性脓毒血症致血流感染及肺部多重耐药菌联合感染,最终导致多脏器功能衰竭,家属放弃继续抢救,自动出院。除病例1出现轻度恶心症状无其他相关依拉环素不良反应,无因使用依拉环素治疗老年重症肺炎出现药物减量或停药的不良记录。

结论

依拉环素治疗CRAB引起的老年重症肺炎具有一定的临床疗效和相对的安全性。

Objective

To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Eravacycline in the treatment of RICU elderly patients with severe pneumonia and CRAB resistant to carbapenems.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 5 patients with CRAB pneumonia who were admitted to the Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department (RICU) of Zhejiang Medical Health Group Quzhou Hospital from November 2023 to March 2024, with a history of long-term antibiotic use and invasive procedures. The onset process, antibiotic adjustment plan, and changes in clinical symptoms, infection indicators, bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test results, and SOFAscores before and after the application of Eravacycline were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. The changes in biochemical indicators and adverse reactions to the drug were used as the safety evaluation.

Results

All 5 patients were elderly. CRAB was detected in their sputum specimens. After treatment with Eravacycline, 4 patients showed improvement in clinical symptoms and recovery of infection indicators, with no detection of CRAB in sputum specimens. Biochemical indicators did not show significant changes compared to before. One patient died of intravascular infection and multi-drug-resistant bacterial infection of the lung, resulting in multi-organ dysfunction, and the family decided to discontinue further treatment. Automatic discharge. No other adverse reactions related to Eravacycline treatment of elderly severe pneumonia were reported, and no reduction or discontinuation of drug use was recorded.

Conclusion

Eravacycline has certain clinical efficacy and relatively good safety in the treatment of severe pneumonia in the elderly caused by CRAB.

图1 病例1患者治疗方案调整及体温波动。首先经验性予左氧氟沙星针及奥马环素治疗3 d,症状加重且炎症指标上升调整抗菌药物;因痰菌培养及药敏提示洋葱伯克霍尔德菌予头孢他啶阿维巴坦共计4 d;血培养提示念珠菌感染予伏立康唑抗真菌共计7 d;痰培养提示CRAB感染,药敏提示对替加环素和多黏菌素敏感,故调整方案为替加环素+多黏菌素,联合治疗7 d后病情未见明显好转故治疗方案调整为依拉环素+头孢哌酮舒巴坦针治疗7 d后患者炎症指标及体温基本恢复正常 注:CRAB为耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌
表1 4例治愈患者病例基本摘要
基本摘要 病例1 病例2 病例3 病例4
性别
年龄(岁) 76 78 86 90
入RICU 时间 2023 年11 月10 日 2023 年12 月18 日 2024 年3 月15 日 2024 年3 月17 日
主诉 反复咳嗽、咳痰10 余年,加重伴发热、呼吸困难、四肢乏力3 d 咳嗽、咳痰、发热3 d 发热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、呼吸困难1 d,嗜睡半天 咳嗽、咳痰1 月余,加重伴胸闷气闭5 d 入院
既往史 脑梗死;高血压;2 型糖尿病;类风湿性关节炎;心房颤动;右下肢截肢术后 既往肺炎病史 间质性肺病;重度贫血;慢性肾脏病4 期 褥疮;阿尔茨海默病;急性肾损伤;创伤性颅内出血;右侧额颞枕顶部硬膜下积液
个人史 出生并生长于原籍,未到过疫区及传染病区;鼻饲 出生并生长于原籍,未到过疫区及传染病区;食欲缺乏 出生并生长于原籍,未到过疫区及传染病区;鼻饲 出生并生长于原籍,未到过疫区及传染病区;食鼻饲
家族史 否认家族遗传病史 否认家族遗传病史 否认家族遗传病史 否认家族遗传病史
体格检查 嗜睡状态,查体不能配合,心律不齐,双肺听诊呼吸音粗部分减弱,可闻及明显湿性啰音 双肺呼吸音减弱,可闻及广泛湿性啰音,双下肢水肿 双肺呼吸音减弱,可闻及广泛湿性啰音及哮鸣音,心音遥远,心律齐,双下肢水肿 双肺呼吸音减弱,双肺可闻及广泛湿性啰音,右下肢活动受限,余肢体肌力无法配合
临床诊断 重症肺炎、呼吸衰竭、脓毒性休克、多脏器功能不全、急性肾损伤脑梗死、高血压、2 型糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、心房颤动、右下肢截肢术后、低蛋白血症 重症肺炎、呼吸衰竭、胸腔积液、脓毒血症、心力衰竭、尿路感染、低蛋白血症、轻度贫血 重症肺炎、呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭、间质性肺病、重度贫血、慢性肾脏病4 期 重症肺炎、Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、压疮、阿尔茨海默病、急性肾损伤、无尿、高钠血症、高氯血症、创伤性颅内出血、右侧额颞枕顶部硬膜下积液
图2 病例2患者治疗方案调整及体温波动。暂经验性予头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦针抗感染治疗(共计11 d),3 d后因患者仍有发热及痰菌培养及药敏提示屎肠球菌及白假丝酵母菌后分别给予利奈唑胺针及卡泊芬净针抗感染治疗,均为5 d,体温较前略有下降,但症状及炎症指标仍未见明显好转,且痰菌培养及药敏提示CRAB,故停利奈唑胺针及卡泊芬净针,予替加环素针治疗3 d后,患者病情好转不明显,再次调整抗菌药物,停头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦针及替加环素针,予依拉环素及多黏菌素联合治疗5 d后患者症状明显好转,炎症及体温基本恢复 注:CRAB为耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌
图3 病例3患者治疗方案调整及体温波动。首先经验性予头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦针抗感染治疗3 d,症状未见好转,炎症指标升高且痰菌培养及药敏提示肺炎克雷伯菌及CRAB故调整抗菌药物为头孢他啶阿维巴坦(共计12 d)+替加环素+多黏菌素(共计7 d)后症状及炎症指标好转不明显,故停替加环素+多黏菌素,予依拉环素抗感染治疗7 d后,患者症状明显好转,炎症及体温基本恢复 注:CRAB为耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌
图4 病例4患者治疗方案调整及体温波动。因患者反复误吸造成吸入性肺炎,既往住院多重耐药菌感染,暂经验性予美罗培南针抗感染共计5 d效果不佳,因患者痰菌培养及药敏提示侵袭性肺曲霉菌及大量G+球菌调整为艾沙康唑(14 d)及利奈唑胺针(7 d);因患者22日痰菌培养及药敏提示CRAB故加替加环素及多黏菌素治疗5 d后病情好转不明显,故将替加环素调整为依拉环素,治疗7 d后患者症状明显好转,炎症及体温基本恢复。 注:CRAB为耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌
表2 5株鲍曼不动杆菌体外药敏结果(MIC,μg/ml)
表3 5例患者治疗前后客观指标评价临床效果
表4 5例患者用药前后肝肾功能指标对比
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