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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (02) : 147 -153. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2026.02.009

临床研究

急性胰腺炎患者红细胞分布宽度与白蛋白比值对院内死亡风险的影响
黄东亚1,2, 侯超群1,2, 李强1,2,()   
  1. 1 210029 南京,南京医科大学第一附属医院重症医学科
    2 210029 南京,南京医科大学第一附属医院胰腺中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-13 出版日期:2026-05-28
  • 通信作者: 李强

Impact of the red blood cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio on in-hospital mortality risk in patients with acute pancreatitis

Dongya Huang1,2, Chaoqun Hou1,2, Qiang Li1,2,()   

  1. 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
    2 Department of Pancreas Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
  • Received:2025-06-13 Published:2026-05-28
  • Corresponding author: Qiang Li
引用本文:

黄东亚, 侯超群, 李强. 急性胰腺炎患者红细胞分布宽度与白蛋白比值对院内死亡风险的影响[J/OL]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2026, 12(02): 147-153.

Dongya Huang, Chaoqun Hou, Qiang Li. Impact of the red blood cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio on in-hospital mortality risk in patients with acute pancreatitis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(02): 147-153.

目的

探讨急性胰腺炎(AP)患者入ICU首日红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与白蛋白(ALB)比值(RAR)(RAR=RDW/ALB)与院内死亡风险的相关性及其预后评估价值。

方法

回顾性分析2008年1月至2019年12月MIMIC-Ⅳ数据库中首次入ICU且年龄≥18岁的AP成人患者,纳入24 h内RDW和ALB检测齐全、无肝硬化或肾病综合征者。提取首日生命体征(体温、心率、呼吸频率及收缩压)、病情严重程度评分[ICU入院24 h内的急性生理学评分Ⅲ(APS Ⅲ)、简化急性生理学评分Ⅱ(SAPS Ⅱ)、序贯器官衰竭评估评分(SOFA)]及相关实验室数据[包括RDW、ALB、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板、肌酐、尿素氮、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素、血糖、血钙、血钠、血钾、血镁、血磷、碳酸氢盐、凝血酶原时间(PT)及活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)],以及合并症(高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭、慢性肺疾病和恶性肿瘤)。采用多重插补法和完全案例分析法处理变量缺失值。通过多因素Logistic回归评估RAR与院内死亡的独立关联,并用广义加性模型(GAM)和双分段回归探讨非线性剂量–反应关系。

结果

共纳入613例AP患者,男性333例(54.3%),平均年龄(58.9±17.7)岁;89例(14.5%)院内死亡。单因素分析显示,RAR与死亡风险显著相关(P<0.001)。多因素回归表明,RAR每升高1单位,死亡风险增加45%(OR=1.45,95% CI:1.24~1.68,P<0.001);RAR≥5组与RAR<5组相比,在未校正模型中,死亡风险为4.01倍,校正APS Ⅲ、SAPS Ⅱ、SOFA及血红蛋白后为3.31倍(均P<0.001)。GAM提示,RAR与死亡风险呈非线性关系,双分段回归确定拐点为8.34;拐点左侧每升高1单位院内死亡风险增加66%(OR=1.66,95% CI:1.33~2.07,P<0.001),右侧无显著相关(P=0.229)。

结论

ICU环境下AP患者RAR与院内死亡风险独立相关且呈非线性关系,可作为早期风险分层的有效指标。

Objective

To explore the correlation between the red blood cell distribution width (RDW)-to-albumin (ALB) ratio (RAR) on the first day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and the in-hospital mortality risk in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), as well as its potential prognostic value.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from adult AP patients, aged ≥18 years, who were admitted to the ICU for the first time between January 2008 and December 2019 in the MIMIC-Ⅳ database. Only patients who had complete RDW and ALB measurements within the first 24 hours of ICU admission, and who did not have cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome, were included. First-day vital signs, severity scores, and laboratory data were extracted, and the RAR was calculated as RDW/ALB. Multiple imputation and complete case analysis were used to handle missing values. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between RAR and in-hospital mortality, and generalized additive models (GAM) and piecewise regression were applied to explore the nonlinear dose-response relationship.

Results

A total of 613 AP patients were included, with 333 males (54.3%) and an average age of (58.9±17.7) years. 89 patients (14.5%) died in the hospital. Univariate analysis showed a significant correlation between RAR and mortality risk (P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that for each 1 unit increase in RAR, the mortality risk increased by 45% (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.24-1.68, P<0.001). In unadjusted models, patients with a RAR≥5 had a 4.01-fold higher risk of death compared to those with RAR<5, which was reduced to 3.31-fold after adjustment for APS Ⅲ, SAPS Ⅱ, SOFA, and hemoglobin (all P<0.001). The GAM indicated a nonlinear relationship between RAR and mortality, and piecewise regression identified a threshold at 8.34; on the left side of the threshold, each 1 unit increase in RAR was associated with a 66% increase in in-hospital mortality risk (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.33-2.07, P<0.001), while no significant correlation was found on the right side (P=0.229).

Conclusion

In ICU patients with AP, RAR is independently associated with the in-hospital mortality risk in a nonlinear fashion, and it may be an effective tool for early risk stratification.

表1 RAR<5组与RAR≥5组613例AP患者的基线特征比较
变量 RAR<5(272例) RAR≥5(341例) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
±s
56.6±18.5 60.9±16.9 t=2.998 0.003
女性[例(%)] 104(38.2) 176(51.6) χ2=10.380 <0.001
体质量(kg,
±s
85.9±25.3 84.9±22.0 t=0.522 0.602
疾病严重程度评分
APSⅢ评分(分,
±s
48.9±21.4 60.3±24.4 t=6.068 <0.001
SAPSⅡ评分(分,
±s
33.6±15.8 40.7±16.2 t=5.502 <0.001
SOFA评分[分,MQR)] 5.0(3.0,9.0) 7.0(4.0,10.0) Z=3.584 <0.001
体温(℃,
±s
37.0±0.7 36.9±1.1 t=1.633 0.103
心率(次/min,
±s
103.0±21.7 103.8±22.9 t=0.423 0.672
呼吸频率(次/min,
±s
21.5±6.4 22.9±6.6 t=2.629 0.009
收缩压(mmHg,
±s
134.6±24.0 121.7±26.2 t=6.256 <0.001
血红蛋白(g/dl,
±s
12.5±2.4 10.5±2.4 t=10.474 <0.001
白细胞[×109/L,MQR)] 12.2(9.0,18.2) 13.9(9.3,19.4) Z=1.730 0.084
血小板[×109/L,MQR)] 197.0(141.8,264.2) 204.0(139.0,313.0) Z=1.465 0.143
RDW(%,
±s
14.1±1.3 16.0±2.3 t=12.097 <0.001
ALB(g/dl,
±s
3.4±0.5 2.5± 0.5 t=25.449 <0.001
RAR(
±s
4.2±0.5 6.7±1.7 t=23.360 <0.001
肌酐[mg/dl,MQR)] 1.0(0.8,1.7) 1.1(0.7,2.1) Z=0.827 0.208
尿素氮[mg/dl,MQR)] 19.0(12.0,30.0) 22.0(13.0,39.0) Z=2.334 0.407
总胆红素[mg/dl,MQR)] 1.1(0.6,2.7) 0.9(0.5,2.5) Z=1.285 0.198
血糖[mg/dl,MQR)] 136.0(105.5,196.5) 131.0(103.0,178.0) Z=1.563 0.118
血氯(mmol/L,
±s
103.3±6.7 104.7±8.0 t=2.202 0.028
血钙(mg/dl,
±s
8.1±1.2 7.7±1.2 t=4.106 <0.001
血钾(mmol/L,
±s
4.3±1.0 4.2±0.9 t=0.839 0.402
血钠(mmol/L,
±s
138.3±5.0 137.8±7.0 t=0.888 0.375
血镁(mg/dl,
±s
1.8±0.4 1.9±0.6 t=1.919 0.055
血磷[mg/dl,MQR)] 3.0(2.1,3.9) 3.5(2.6,4.4) Z=4.079 <0.001
碳酸氢盐(mmol/L,
±s
20.9±5.8 20.6±5.7 t=0.536 0.592
PT[s,MQR)] 14.0(12.4,16.0) 14.7(13.3,17.5) Z=4.068 <0.001
APTT(s,
±s
31.3±13.3 36.7±19.8 t=3.866 <0.001
丙氨酸氨基转移酶[mmol/L,MQR)] 70.5(31.0,198.8) 40.0(22.0,132.0) Z=3.841 <0.001
天冬氨酸氨基转移酶[mmol/L,MQR)] 91.5(38.8,218.5) 57.0(31.0,173.0) Z=2.934 0.003
住院时长[d,MQR)] 10.7(5.8,19.8) 17.6(9.9,31.8) Z=6.331 <0.001
ICU住院时长[d,MQR)] 3.0(1.7,6.4) 4.4(2.2,11.2) Z=4.057 <0.001
合并症[例(%)]
高血压 141(51.8) 149(43.7) χ2=3.705 0.045
糖尿病 85(31.2) 110(32.3) χ2=0.032 0.790
充血性心力衰竭 53(19.5) 61(17.9) χ2=0.160 0.614
慢性肺疾病 59(21.7) 62(18.2) χ2=0.965 0.278
恶性肿瘤 14(5.1) 37(10.9) χ2=5.727 0.011
院内死亡 17(6.2) 72(21.1) χ2=25.753 <0.001
表2 院内死亡风险的单因素分析
表3 不同模型中RAR与院内死亡风险的关系
图1 RAR与院内死亡风险非线性关系的曲线拟合 注:RAR为红细胞分布宽度与白蛋白比值;红色散点图为RAR与院内死亡风险的非线性关系,蓝色散点图为95%CI
表4 使用两分段线性模型解释RAR与院内死亡风险的非线性关系
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