2026 , Vol. 12 >Issue 01: 86 - 92
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2026.01.013
重症患者肌肉减少症评估方法的研究进展
通信作者:
曹权,Email:2004caoquan@163.comCopy editor: 卫轲
收稿日期: 2024-05-07
网络出版日期: 2026-04-29
基金资助
江苏省333人才工程项目(2022-3-25-045)
江苏省青年医学人才项目(QNRC2016557)
江苏省高层次卫生人才“六个一工程”拔尖人才工程项目(LGY2019067)
版权
Research progress on evaluation methods of sarcopenia in critically ill patients
Corresponding author:
Cao Quan, Email: 2004caoquan@163.comReceived date: 2024-05-07
Online published: 2026-04-29
Copyright
肌肉减少症,简称肌少症,是以骨骼肌质量、力量逐渐全面丧失为特征的病症,有诸多不良的临床结局。肌少症在ICU患者中非常普遍,常导致多种不良预后,已逐渐引起ICU医师的重视。肌少症可实现的评估方法包括肌力测量、体能表现评估和肌肉数量或质量的测量。肌力测量和体能表现评估在ICU患者中可行性太小,故对重症患者进行肌少症评估时,多测量肌肉的数量或质量,目前主要的评估方法包括双能X射线(DXA)、生物电阻抗分析(BIA)、CT、磁共振(MRI)、超声(US)、肌少症指数(SI)等,每个方法各有其特点,对于重症患者来说,也各有其优劣势。本文就相关研究作一综述,以期为重症患者的肌少症临床评估和科学研究提供参考。
陈湘锭 , 任衍康 , 张文辉 , 左祥荣 , 曹权 . 重症患者肌肉减少症评估方法的研究进展[J]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2026 , 12(01) : 86 -92 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2026.01.013
Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to numerous adverse clinical consequences. It is particularly prevalent among ICU patients, often resulting in various poor prognoses, which has gradually garnered the attention of ICU physicians. The assessment methods for sarcopenia include muscle strength measurement, physical performance evaluation, and the measurement of muscle quantity or quality. Given the limited feasibility of muscle strength measurement and physical performance in critically ill patients, the assessment of sarcopenia in critically ill patients primarily focuses on measuring muscle mass or quantity. Various methods can be employed, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography (US), sarcopenia index (SI), and other techniques. Each method has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages for critically ill patients. We aims to provide necessary references for the clinical evaluation and scientific research of sarcopenia in critically ill patients.
表1 ICU肌少症各项评估技术的比较 |
| 评估技术 | 测量方法 | 诊断标准 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DXA | 测量ALM | ALM/H2:女<5.4 kg/m2;男<7.0 kg/m2 | 技术要求低,准确性较高,价格相对经济 | 少量暴露,无法序贯监测 |
| BIA | 测量ALM | ALM/H2:女<5.7 kg/m2;男<7.0 kg/m2 | 经济便携,非侵入性;可重复性 | 准确性低;易受体液潴留影响 |
| CT | 测量SMA | 暂无公认的诊断标准,SMA/H2:男<44.8 cm2/m2;女<32.5 cm2/m2 | 准确性高;可观察肌肉细微结构 | 大量辐射暴露,转运风险,不可重复性; |
| MRI | 测量各肌肉或肌肉群面积、体积、密度等 | 暂无公认的诊断标准 | 准确性高;可观察肌肉细微结构;无放射暴露 | 价格昂贵;转运风险;技术要求高 |
| US | 测量各肌肉或肌肉群面积、体积、密度等 | 暂无公认的诊断标准 | 经济,可床旁操作;非侵入性;可重复性 | 准确性较低;主观差异;易受体液潴留影响 |
| SI | 血肌酐/血胱抑素C×100 | 暂无公认的诊断标准 | 经济;可重复性;客观性 | 有创,指标易受合并症影响,准确性低 |
注:DXA为双能X射线;ALM为四肢骨骼肌瘦体质量;H为身高;BIA为生物电阻抗分析;CT为计算机断层扫描;SMA为CT第3腰椎层面所有骨骼肌横截面积;MRI为磁共振;US为超声;SI为肌少症指数 |
陈湘锭, 任衍康, 张文辉, 等. 重症患者肌肉减少症评估方法的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2026, 12(1): 86-92.
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