中国的器官捐献与移植经历了一个漫长而坎坷的发展历程。在国家卫生和计划生育委员会以及中国红十字会总会领导下，经过十年的不懈努力，初步形成了一个遵循世界卫生组织指导原则并符合中国国情的器官捐献移植体系，开始了一个以公民自愿捐献为唯一来源的历史发展新阶段。但中国的器官捐献与移植体系还是一个新生的婴儿，需要逐步成长及完善。而重症医学作为器官捐献的主要参与学科，涉及到捐献体系中的诸多关键环节，发挥着不可或缺的重要作用

The establishment of a national organ donation and transplantation system has gone through a long and difficult process in China. A nationwide organ donation system that followed the guiding principles of the World Health Organization and conformed to our national conditions was initially established under the leadership of Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) and China Red Cross Federation after 10-years unremitting efforts. This symbolized a new era in the history of organ donation and transplantation in China during which citizens voluntary donations is the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Despite all the improvement, China's organ donation and transplantation system is still in the infancy and has a long way to go. Critical care medicine, as one of the main subjects in organ donation, related to many key points and plays an indispensable role in this system.