肺移植已经成为终末期良性肺疾病治疗的有效方法。随着器官获取技术的改进、器官的保存、外科技术的进步，手术成功率已经有明显提高。而肺是与外界相通的唯一实体移植器官，术后影响因素较多，有其独特的术后并发症。早期有原发性移植物失功、感染、急性排异等并发症。术后严格管理尤其是在重症监护病房（ICU）期间规范化的管理对减少这些并发症，提高治疗效果是非常重要的。随着移植需求的剧增，ICU医师需熟悉患者移植术后在ICU所面临的问题。

Lung transplantation (LTx) has become an effective therapy method for carefully selected patients with end-stage lung disease. With the improvement of organ harvesting technology, organ preservation and surgical technology, the success rate of surgery has been significantly improved. Whlie the lung is the only entity transplanted which connects with the outside world, there are virous factors that associated with the post-operative complications. Primary graft dysfunction, infection and acute rejection are major complication in the early stage after surgery. Standardized and precise management after operation, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU) is important to prevent post-operative complications of LTx and improve the outcome. With the increasing demand for transplantation, intensivists need to be familiar with the problems after LTx.