重症相关神经系统并发症是重症患者病死率和并发症发生率较高的常见原因之一。迄今为止的脑功能监测包括经颅多普勒、定量脑电图、颈静脉球混合静脉血氧饱和度等技术，大部分需要进行侵入性手术，而部分对大脑的缺氧状态反应不够灵敏，均难以有效识别处于重症相关脑功能不全风险的患者。近红外光谱（NIRS）计数依赖一种非侵入性装置，应用红外光穿透人体组织并通过测量组织对红外光的吸收来估计脑组织氧合情况。本文回顾了可用于基于NIRS的脑氧饱和度监测技术的优缺点，以及该技术可以识别脑氧供需障碍的现有的循证医学证据，并基于该理念进行指导的重症治疗是否可扭转脑氧供应和消耗的平衡问题，以预防长期的神经系统后遗症如谵妄，从而减少重症监护病房（ICU）住院时间和（或）减少相关病死率。

Critically ill related neurological complications are one of the common causes of high mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. Brain function monitoring techniques so far includes transcranial Doppler, quantitative electroencephalography, and mixed venous oxygen saturation of jugular bulbs. Most of them require invasive operation, and some are not sensitive enough to detect the hypoxic state of the brain which difficult to effectively identify patients who under the risk of critically ill related brain insufficiency. Near-infrared spectroscopy counts rely on a non-invasive device that uses infrared light to penetrate human tissue and estimates tissue oxygenation by measuring tissue uptake of infrared light. We review the strengths and weaknesses of brain oxygen saturation monitoring techniques that based on the near-infrared spectroscopy in this paper, as well as the evidence to detect the cerebral oxygen supply and demand disorders and to assess whether this technique guided management can reverse the balance of cerebral oxygen supply and consumption to prevent long-term neurological sequelae such as delirium and reduce ICU length of stay and mortality.