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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 05 ›› Issue (04) : 338 -345. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2019.04.009

所属专题: 文献

重症医学研究

重症监护疼痛观察工具用于重症脑损伤患者疼痛评价的荟萃分析
陈静然1, 单凯1, 陈光强1,(), 徐明1, 李宏亮1, 周建新1   
  1. 1. 100070 北京,首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-20 出版日期:2019-11-28
  • 通信作者: 陈光强
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项基金(首发2014-2-2041)

Pain assessment with Critical-care pain observation tool (CPOT) in severe brain injury patients: a meta-analysis

Jingran Chen1, Kai Shan1, Guangqiang Chen1(), Ming Xu1, hongliang Li1, Jianxin Zhou1   

  1. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
  • Received:2018-12-20 Published:2019-11-28
  • Corresponding author: Guangqiang Chen
引用本文:

陈静然, 单凯, 陈光强, 徐明, 李宏亮, 周建新. 重症监护疼痛观察工具用于重症脑损伤患者疼痛评价的荟萃分析[J/OL]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2019, 05(04): 338-345.

Jingran Chen, Kai Shan, Guangqiang Chen, Ming Xu, hongliang Li, Jianxin Zhou. Pain assessment with Critical-care pain observation tool (CPOT) in severe brain injury patients: a meta-analysis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2019, 05(04): 338-345.

目的

评价重症监护疼痛观察工具(CPOT)用于重症脑损伤患者疼痛评价的效度。

方法

在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library databases、万方数据库中,检索有关CPOT应用于重症脑损伤患者疼痛评价的文献,文献检索时限为2006年1月至2018年9月。由两名研究者按预先设定好的纳入及排除标准,独立完成文献的筛选、质量评价与数据提取,最终确定纳入荟萃分析的研究。应用Revman 5.3及meta-DiSc对所纳入的研究进行统计学处理,包括对均数差(MD)和诊断性试验的荟萃分析。

结果

共纳入9项研究,944例重症脑损伤患者。对于CPOT的判别效度,当患者接受非致痛性与致痛性操作时(6项研究),CPOT评分的差异具有统计学意义,MD为-2.25[95%可信区间(CI):-2.61~-1.89,P<0.001];致痛性操作前和致痛性操作时(8项研究),CPOT评分的差异具有统计学意义,MD为-2.06(95% CI:-2.59~-1.53,P<0.001)。对于CPOT的效标效度(4项研究),以患者主诉疼痛为参照标准,在对患者进行操作时,合并后的敏感度和特异度分别为0.739(95% CI:0.689~0.785,I2=34.7%)和0.789(95% CI:0.737~0.835,I2=0),曲线下面积(AUC)为0.831。校标效度的异质性分析显示存在阈值效应。

结论

对于重症脑损伤患者的操作性疼痛,CPOT具有较好的判别效度。对于CPOT的校标效度,需进一步研究提示疼痛的界值。

Objective

To evaluate the validity of pain assessment with Critical-care pain observation tool (CPOT) in severe brain injury patients.

Methods

Literatures regarding pain assessment with CPOT in severe brain injury patients were systematically searched through the PubMed and other databases. Studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified, quality was assessed and data were extracted by two independent investigators. Statistical analysisincluding meta-analysis of mean difference (MD) and diagnostic studieswere performed withRevMan 5.3 and meta-DiSc software.

Results

A total of 9 published and eligible studies involving 944 cases were included in this meta-analysis. In total of 6 studies, CPOT score had statistical significancein the discriminant validity during non-nociceptive and nociceptive procedure (MD=-2.25, P<0.001). Meanwhile, CPOT had statistical significance before and during nociceptive procedure in total of 8 studies (MD=-2.06, P<0.001). To assess the criterionvalidity of CPOT, with the referencestandard of patients′ complaint of pain during medical procedures in 4 studies, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.739 (95% CI: 0.689-0.785, I2=34.7%) and 0.789 (95% CI: 0.737-0.835, I2=0). The area under AUC curve was 0.831. The heterogeneity analysis of calibration validity showed the existence of threshold effect.

Conclusion

CPOT has a good discriminant validity and criterion validityforpain assessment during nociceptive procedureamong severe brain injury patients. For the criterion validity of CPOT the cut-off value of pain needs further investigation.

图1 纳入文献的流程图
表1 纳入研究的基本信息
纳入的研究(文献作者,年份) 样本例数 研究设计 参照指标 结论 NOS评分
Lee等,2013[12]  31例 致痛性操作(吸痰)前、中、20 min后 收入ICU后第1、3、6、9、14 d的CPOT水平 收入ICU后第1天疼痛最剧烈 6
陈晗等,2016[18]  118例可交流者 致痛性操作(拔出深静脉导管)前、中、20 min后 VAS及主诉疼痛 CPOT对于操作痛的评价具有较好的准确性,而对于昏迷患者疼痛的评价价值还需要进一步研究。 7
Shan等,2018[19]  214例可交流,186例不可交流者 致痛性操作(吸痰)与非致痛性操作(无创血压)前、时 BIS、生理学指标及主诉疼痛 信度和效度检验支持CPOT在神经重症患者中的应用 6
孟春等,2011[20]  103例 致痛性操作(翻身加吸痰)前、时于非致痛性操作(静息)时 PIDS评分 CPOT与患者自述疼痛呈中等程度相关,是对神经重症的老年患者进行评价的有效手段 7
Echegragy等,2014[21]  43例可交流患者 致痛性(翻身)及非致痛性操作(无创血压)前、中、15 min后 患者主诉疼痛 CPOT在神外术后患者的应用可靠而有效 7
Gelinas 2016[22](abstract) 54例 致痛性操作(翻身)与非致痛性操作(轻触)中 部分患者主诉疼痛 CPOT修订版在神经重症患者中应用有效,可考虑作为疼痛评价的代替 6
Joffe等,2016[23]  可交流者28例,不可交流者51例 致痛性(翻身)及非致痛性操作(轻触)前、中 患者主诉疼痛 CPOT对自我报告的疼痛高度敏感,且与自我报告的疼痛呈正相关 6
Topolovec等,2013[24]  34例可交流者,32例不可交流者 致痛性操作(翻身)及非致痛性操作(无创血压)前、中、20 min后 NVPS-R及患者主诉疼痛 CPOT可应用于神经重症患者 6
Sulla等,2017[25]  50例,包括可交流与不可交流者 致痛性操作(翻身加吸痰)前、中、20 min后 NRS、PAINAD 意大利版CPOT在神经重症患者应用中可靠且有效 6
图2 非致痛性操作与致痛性操作时的森林图
图3 非致痛性操作与致痛性操作时的亚组分析森林图
图4 致痛性操作前与致痛性操作时的森林图
图5 致痛性操作前与致痛性操作时的亚组分析森林图
图6 致痛性操作前与致痛性操作时的敏感性分析森林图
图7 SROC曲线及其合并敏感度、特异度的森林图。图a为SROC曲线;图b为合并敏感度森林图;图c为合并特异度森林图
表2 纳入诊断性试验研究荟萃分析的每个研究的诊断价值
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