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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 06 ›› Issue (04) : 418 -423. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2020.04.012

所属专题: 文献

重症医学研究

中国大陆中南地区ICU医护职业倦怠现状及危险因素
王静1, 宋慧敏2, 彭志勇1, 胡波1, 饶歆1, 李建国1,()   
  1. 1. 430000 武汉大学中南医院重症医学科
    2. 430000 武汉市第三医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-16 出版日期:2020-11-28
  • 通信作者: 李建国

Status and risk factors of ICU medical job burnout in south-central area of Chinese mainland

Jing Wang1, Huimin Song2, Zhiyong Peng1, Bo Hu1, Xin Rao1, Jianguo Li1()   

  1. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
    2. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan 430000, China
  • Received:2020-06-16 Published:2020-11-28
  • Corresponding author: Jianguo Li
引用本文:

王静, 宋慧敏, 彭志勇, 胡波, 饶歆, 李建国. 中国大陆中南地区ICU医护职业倦怠现状及危险因素[J]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2020, 06(04): 418-423.

Jing Wang, Huimin Song, Zhiyong Peng, Bo Hu, Xin Rao, Jianguo Li. Status and risk factors of ICU medical job burnout in south-central area of Chinese mainland[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2020, 06(04): 418-423.

目的

调查在中国大陆中南地区ICU医师和护士职业倦怠现状及其危险因素。

方法

基于网络电子问卷选取国内中南地区在ICU工作的医师和护士,问卷包括职业倦怠量表及一般人口学特征量表,对收集的数据进行描述性分析和回归分析。

结果

此次调查共发放调查问卷表1389份,返回合格问卷1369份,回收率98%。其中医师687名,护士682名。中国大陆中南地区ICU医师和护士职业倦怠的总体阳性率为86.19%,严重职业倦怠阳性率为41.86%;逻辑回归结果显示职业倦怠的独立危险因素包括收入不满意、担心自身安全、治疗选择有困难、不了解职业倦怠;而职称为中级、不热爱ICU工作、夜班频率<7 d、节假日值班无补偿、担心自身安全是严重职业倦怠的独立危险因素。

结论

ICU医师和护士职业倦怠阳性率较高,职业倦怠的发生与多因素有关;提高医师和护士人身安全保障可能会降低职业倦怠发生率,职业倦怠者离职意愿较强,建议对其加强心理疏导和普及职业倦怠相关知识。

Objective

To investigate the status and risk factors of medical burnout in intensive care unit (ICU) in south-central area of China mainland.

Methods

Doctors and nurses working in the ICU in south-central area of China were selected based on online questionnaires, including burnout inventory and general demographic characteristics inventory. Descriptive and regression analysis were conducted.

Results

A total of 1389 questionnaires were issued and 1369 qualified questionnaires were returned, with a recovery rate of 98%, including 687 doctors and 682 nurses. The overall positive rates of burnout and severe burnout in the south-central area of Chinese mainland were 86.19% and 41.86, respectively. Logistic regression results showed that independent risk factors for burnout including income dissatisfaction, worried about security, difficulty in making treatment choices and not know about burnout. In addition, the mid-level title, frequency of night shift in ICU less than 7 days, duty on holidays without compensation, worried about security were independent risk factors for severe burnout.

Conclusion

The positive rate of burnout was high in the intensive care unit, and the occurrence of burnout was related to multiple factors. Improving the personal security of medical staff may reduce the incidence of burnout, and the burnout patients have a strong turnover intention. It is suggested to strengthen psychological counseling and popularize relevant knowledge of burnout.

表1 ICU医师和护士职业倦怠阳性率统计[例(%)]
表2 医师和护士一般人口学资料[例(%)]
一般资料 职业倦怠阳性 职业倦怠阴性 P 严重职业倦怠阳性 严重职业倦怠阴性 P
性别     0.001     0.000
  479(40.59) 101(53.43)   209(36.47) 371(40.60)  
年龄     0.000     0.000
  ≤30岁 501(42.46) 56(29.63)   261(45.55) 296(37.19)  
  31~39岁 420(35.59) 65(34.39)   209(36.47) 276(34.67)  
  ≥40岁 259(21.95) 68(35.98)   103(17.98) 224(28.14)  
学历     0.014     0.948
  本科或专科 985(83.47) 144(76.19)   473(82.55) 656(82.41)  
  研究生及以上 195(16.53) 45(23.81)   100(17.45) 140(17.59)  
职称     0.000     0.000
  初级 583(49.41) 69(36.51)   300(52.36) 352(44.22)  
  中级 361(30.59) 53(28.04)   181(31.59) 233(29.27)  
  高级 236(20.00) 67(35.45)   92(16.06) 211(26.51)  
工作年限     0.203     0.013
  1~5年 510(43.22) 75(39.68)   248(43.28) 337(42.34)  
  6~10年 397(33.64) 59(31.22)   209(36.47) 247(31.03)  
  >10年 273(23.14) 55(29.10)   116(20.24) 212(26.63)  
婚姻状态     0.984     0.014
  已婚 892(75.59) 143(75.66)   414(72.25) 621(78.02)  
  未婚 288(24.41) 46(24.34)   159(27.75) 175(21.98)  
子女个数     0.000     0.000
  0个 384(32.54) 28(14.81)   210(36.65) 222(27.89)  
  1个 588(49.83) 88(46.56)   278(48.52) 402(50.50)  
  ≥2个 208(17.63) 73(38.63)   85(14.83) 172(21.61)  
表3 医师和护士职业相关资料[例(%)]
相关资料 职业倦怠阳性 职业倦怠阴性 P 严重职业倦怠阳性 严重职业倦怠阴性 P
收入是否满意     0.000     0.000
  满意 460(38.98) 101(53.44)   66(11.52) 178(22.36)  
  不满意 720(61.02) 88(46.56)   507(88.48) 618(77.64)  
是否热爱ICU     0.000     0.015
  热爱 586(49.66) 146(77.25)   216(37.70) 250(31.41)  
  不热爱 594(50.34) 43(22.75)   357(62.30) 546(68.59)  
选ICU原因     0.056     0.000
  专业喜好 218(18.47) 49(25.93)   140(24.43) 127(15.95)  
  单位分配 887(75.17) 129(68.25)   396(69.11) 620(77.89)  
  其他 75(6.36) 11(5.82)   37(6.46) 49(6.16)  
工作时间     0.337     0.001
  ≤40 h 132(11.19) 25(13.23)   45(7.85) 112(14.07)  
  41~60 h 734(62.20) 107(56.61)   361(63.00) 480(60.30)  
  ≥61 h 314(26.61) 57(30.16)   167(29.14) 204(25.63)  
夜班频率     0.030     0.001
  ≤4 d 515(43.64) 82(43.39)   264(46.07) 333(41.83)  
  5~7 d 555(47.03) 78(41.27)   271(47.29) 362(45.48)  
  >7 d 110(9.32) 29(15.34)   38(6.63) 101(12.69)  
上班路程耗时     0.070     0.417
  <30 min 686(58.14) 125(66.14)   328(57.24) 483(60.68)  
  30 min~1 h 371(31.44) 52(27.51)   184(32.11) 239(30.03)  
  >1 h 123(10.42) 12(6.35)   61(10.65) 74(9.30)  
有无年休假     0.006     0.000
  无年休 553(46.86) 109(57.67)   196(34.21) 466(58.54)  
  其他 627(53.14) 80(42.33)   377(65.79) 330(41.46)  
节假日值班补偿     0.000     0.000
  597(50.59) 149(78.84)   184(32.11) 562(70.61)  
  583(49.41) 40(21.16)   389(67.89) 234(29.39)  
担心自身安全     0.000     0.000
  不担心 646(54.75) 153(80.95)   168(29.32) 631(79.27)  
  担心 534(45.25) 36(19.05)   405(70.68) 165(20.73)  
发生矛盾和冲突     0.133     0.150
  很少 1119(94.83) 184(97.35)   551(96.16) 752(94.47)  
  经常 61(5.17) 5(2.65)   22(3.84) 44(5.53)  
被投诉     0.698     0.148
  很少 1169(99.07) 187(98.94)   565(98.60) 791(99.37)  
  经常 11(0.93) 2(1.06)   8(1.40) 5(0.63)  
离开ICU想法     0.000     0.000
  825(69.92) 44(23.28)   470 (82.02) 399(50.13)  
  355(30.08) 145(76.72)   103(17.98) 397(49.87)  
不离开ICU原因     0.000     0.000
  热爱工作 316(26.78) 75(39.68)   209(36.47) 182(22.86)  
  无其他选择 708(60.00) 77(40.74)   240(41.88) 505(63.45)  
  其他原因 156(13.22) 37(19.58)   124(21.64) 109(13.69)  
职业倦怠     0.000     0.000
  了解 544(46.10) 179(94.71)   219(38.22) 409(51.38)  
  不了解 636(53.90) 10(5.29)   354(61.78) 387(48.62)  
表4 职业倦怠危险因素
表5 严重职业倦怠危险因素
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