早期适当的抗生素治疗是降低重症感染患者病死率的关键，而正确鉴别病原微生物则是恰当的抗生素治疗的前提条件。然而，对于病原微生物的检测而言，绝大多数传统微生物学方法具有一定的目标性或指向性。当临床医生怀疑多种病原微生物并存时，可能需要同时进行多种微生物学的检查。近年来，二代测序（NGS）技术被应用于某些特殊病原微生物感染的诊治中。然而，作为一种新的实验室诊断技术，现有证据尚不足以支持NGS在临床上的常规应用。

Early and appropriate antibiotic therapy is the key to reduce the mortality of patients with severe infection, and the correct identification of pathogenic microorganisms is the prerequisite for appropriate antibiotic therapy. However, for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms, most of the traditional microbiology methods have a certain target or direction. When clinicians suspect the coexistence of multiple pathogenic microorganisms, multiple microbiological tests may be required simultaneously. In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of some special pathogenic microbial infections. However, as a new laboratory diagnostic technique, the available evidence is insufficient to support the routine clinical application of NGS.