神经重症是集重症医学与神经科学为一体的新兴交叉学科。我国神经重症专科起步较晚，从业医师专业背景复杂且所掌握的知识技能差异较大，有进行专科培训的迫切需求，但目前我国尚无规范化的神经重症专科培训项目。根据既往国内外专科培训的成功经验，建立规范的专科培训前应当优先确定该专业必备的核心知识和能力。国家神经系统疾病医疗质量控制中心联合中国医师协会重症医学医师分会神经重症专业委员会组成工作小组，通过正式的共识方法（改良的德尔菲法和名义小组法）构建了本共识。工作组首先整理既往指南，而后发布网络调查问卷。问卷共计收到来自33个省、市、自治区的1094个回复。经过整理后形成了包含329个能力条目的列表。经过5轮的名义小组投票和1轮公示，最终形成了包含198个核心知识和能力条目的共识（54条神经系统疾病，64条全身各系统疾病，42条监护及操作技术，20条专业素养及医疗管理，5条伦理与法规，3条科研方法及认证，10条评分系统）。该共识可以为未来进行规范化的神经重症专科培训提供参考。

Neurocritical care is an emerging specialty integrating critical care medicine and neuroscience. Neurocritical care specialty in China started late, due to lack of data on medical resources, and complex professional background of specialists in Neuro-critical care unit. Without standardized neurocritical care specialist training in China, there is an urgent need for neurocritical care specialist training. According to successful experience of previous specialized training in China and foreign countries, before establishing a standardized specialized training, priority should be given to core competencies in this specialty. A working Group from Neuro-Critical Care Committee affiliated to the Chinese Association of Critical Care Physicians and the National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases established the consensus through formal consensus methods (modified Delphi method and nominal group method). The working group first compiled the previous guidelines and then issued an online questionnaire. 1094 respondents from 33 provinces in China participated in the online survey. A formal list containing 329 statements was generated for rating by a nominal group. After five rounds of nominal group meetings and one round of comments and iterative review, 198 core competencies (54 on neurological diseases, 64 on general medical diseases, 42 on monitoring of practical procedures, 20 on professionalism and system management, 5 on ethical and legal aspects, 3 on the principles of research and certification, and 10 on scoring systems) formed the final list. The list can be used as a reference for neurocritical care training in the future.