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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (02) : 148 -156. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2024.02.009

临床研究

开颅术后危重患者急性肾损伤的发病率、危险因素及其对预后的影响
周建芳1, 罗旭颖1, 张琳琳1, 李宏亮1, 杨燕琳1, 陈光强1, 石广志1,()   
  1. 1. 100070 北京,首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-22 出版日期:2024-05-28
  • 通信作者: 石广志
  • 基金资助:
    北京市卫生健康委员会“临床重点专科项目”(2100199); 北京市医院管理中心重点医学专业发展计划项目(ZYLX202109); 北京市科学技术委员会“首都临床诊疗技术研究及转化应用”项目(Z201100005520039)

Incidence, risk factors, and prognostic impact of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients after craniotomy

Jianfang Zhou1, Xuying Luo1, Linlin Zhang1, Hongliang Li1, Yanlin Yang1, Guangqiang Chen1, Guangzhi Shi1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
  • Received:2024-02-22 Published:2024-05-28
  • Corresponding author: Guangzhi Shi
引用本文:

周建芳, 罗旭颖, 张琳琳, 李宏亮, 杨燕琳, 陈光强, 石广志. 开颅术后危重患者急性肾损伤的发病率、危险因素及其对预后的影响[J/OL]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2024, 10(02): 148-156.

Jianfang Zhou, Xuying Luo, Linlin Zhang, Hongliang Li, Yanlin Yang, Guangqiang Chen, Guangzhi Shi. Incidence, risk factors, and prognostic impact of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients after craniotomy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(02): 148-156.

目的

探讨开颅术后危重患者急性肾损伤(AKI)的发病率、危险因素及其对预后的影响。

方法

本研究为单中心前瞻性队列研究,纳入2017年1月至2018年12月ICU住院时间≥24 h的成年患者(排除开颅术前合并AKI者)。收集患者基础资料、主要诊断、疾病严重程度评分、并发症以及AKI患者肾功能恢复等情况。所有患者随访至出院,并记录预后信息。采用多因素回归分析筛选AKI发生的危险因素。

结果

共纳入907例患者,其中143例(15.8%)出现AKI。多因素回归分析显示,低基础肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、高入住ICU第1天序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分、高钠血症及休克为AKI发生的独立危险因素。AKI患者ICU住院时间 [10(5,19)d vs 5(3,12)d,Z=5.836,P<0.001]及机械通气时间更长[7(3,12)d vs 4(1,8)d,Z=1.193,P<0.001],住院病死率更高(30.8% vs 6.2%,χ2=80.87,P<0.001),出院时格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)评分更低[3(2,4)分 vs 4(3,5)分,Z=1.181,P<0.001]。

结论

AKI在开颅术后危重患者中比较常见,低eGFR、高SOFA评分、高钠血症及休克是AKI的独立危险因素。合并AKI患者的预后更差。

Objective

To investigate the incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients after craniotomy.

Methods

This was a single-center prospective cohort study. Adult patients who were admitted to ICU from January 2017 to December 2018 after undergoing craniotomy and had a ICU length of stay ≥ 24 hours were included. Patients with preoperative AKI were excluded from the study. Demographics, primary diagnosis, disease severity scores, complications, and the recovery of renal function in AKI patients were recorded. All patients were followed until discharge, and information about prognosis was recorded. A multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for AKI.

Results

A total of 907 patients were included, with 143 (15.8%) developing AKI. Multivariable regression analysis identified a low baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a high sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on ICU admission day, shock, and hypernatremia as independent risk factors for AKI. Moreover, patients with AKI had longer ICU LOS [10 (5, 19) d vs 5 (3, 12) d, Z=5.836, P<0.001] and mechanical ventilation duration [7 (3, 12) d vs 4 (1, 8) d, Z=1.193, P<0.001], higher in-hospital mortality rates (30.8% vs 6.2%, χ2=80.87, P<0.001), and lower Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) [3 (2, 4) points vs 4 (3, 5) points, Z=1.181, P<0.001] at discharge.

Conclusion

AKI is relatively common in critically ill post-craniotomy patients, with eGFR, SOFA score, shock, and hypernatremia being independent risk factors. Patients with AKI have worse outcomes.

表1 肾小球滤过率CKD-EPI估算公式
表2 患者人口统计学特征及手术相关信息统计[例(%)]
图1 不同分期AKI患者人数及病死率 注:AKI为急性肾损伤
表3 合并AKI与未合并AKI患者术前及术中临床特征比较
表4 合并AKI与未合并AKI患者术后临床特征及并发症比较
变量 所有患者(907例) AKI(143例) 非AKI(764例) 统计值 P
入住ICU第1天[分,MQ25Q75)]
SOFA 4(3,6) 6(5,8) 4(2,5) Z=2.714 <0.001
GCS 10(7,11) 6(4,8) 10(8,14) Z=1.581 <0.001
APACHE Ⅱ 16(11,20) 21(16,26) 15(11,18) Z=1.904 <0.001
入住ICU 48 h内
高氯血症[例(%)] 728(80.3) 136(95.1) 592(77.5) χ2=23.603 <0.001
高钠血症[例(%)] 442(48.7) 125(87.4) 317(41.5) χ2=101.665 <0.001
血钠最高值[mmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 145(134,151) 153(148,160) 143(133,148) Z=11.480 <0.001
血氯最高值[mmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 113(109,117) 120(115,127) 112(109,116) Z=11.085 <0.001
术后
血清白蛋白最低值[g/L,MQ25Q75)] 29.2(26.1,32.8) 26.1(23.1,29.3) 29.6(26.7,33.2) Z=7.910 <0.001
甘露醇[例(%)] 873(96.3) 137(95.8) 736(96.3) χ2=0.094 0.759
万古霉素[例(%)] 237(26.1) 40(28) 197(25.8) χ2=0.298 0.585
输注红细胞[例(%)] 91(10.0) 34(23.8) 57(7.5) χ2=35.523 <0.001
输注血浆[例(%)] 43(4.7) 21(14.7) 22(2.9) χ2=37.174 <0.001
并发症[例(%)]
脓毒症 271(29.9) 39(27.3)* 232(30.4) χ2=0.550 0.458
消化道出血 84(9.3) 24(16.7) 60(7.8) χ2=11.430 0.001
下肢深静脉血栓 79(8.7) 19(13.3) 60(7.9) χ2=4.472 0.034
癫痫 45(5.0) 10(7.0) 35(4.6) χ2=1.486 0.223
休克 42(4.6) 26(18.2)* 16(2.1) χ2=70.592 <0.001
肺栓塞 8(0.9) 2(1.4) 6(0.8) χ2=0.518 0.367
图2 血氯与AKI发病率的关系 注:AKI为急性肾损伤
表5 开颅术后危重患者AKI危险因素多因素回归分析
表6 开颅术后合并AKI与未合并AKI患者预后比较[MQ25Q75)]
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