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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (04) : 351 -359. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2025.04.005

临床研究

吸入一氧化氮对中重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合影响及其机制
张芮1, 袁雪燕1, 王宇璇2, 刘玲1,()   
  1. 1 210009 南京,江苏省重症医学重点实验室 东南大学附属中大医院重症医学科
    2 250000 济南,济南市中心医院急诊医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-28 出版日期:2025-11-28
  • 通信作者: 刘玲
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82470079,82270083); 国家科技重大专项-慢病人群呼吸机依赖的高危因素及适宜干预策略研究(2024ZD0530000); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2504405); 江苏省科技计划项目“省前沿技术研发计划”项目(BF2024054); 东南大学博士研究生创新能力提升计划项目(CXJH_SEU 24222)

Effect and mechanism of inhaled nitric oxide on oxygenation in patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

Rui Zhang1, Xueyan Yuan1, Yuxuan Wang2, Ling Liu1,()   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
    2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
  • Received:2025-04-28 Published:2025-11-28
  • Corresponding author: Ling Liu
引用本文:

张芮, 袁雪燕, 王宇璇, 刘玲. 吸入一氧化氮对中重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合影响及其机制[J/OL]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2025, 11(04): 351-359.

Rui Zhang, Xueyan Yuan, Yuxuan Wang, Ling Liu. Effect and mechanism of inhaled nitric oxide on oxygenation in patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(04): 351-359.

目的

评估吸入一氧化氮(iNO)对中重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者氧合及通气/血流(V/Q)的影响。

方法

前瞻性选择2023年1月至2024年3月在东南大学附属中大医院重症医学科接受有创机械通气、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)≤200 mmHg且符合柏林定义的成年ARDS患者24例,分别在iNO治疗前(基线)及治疗30 min后监测其生命体征、呼吸力学、动脉血气等指标,通过胸部电阻抗成像(EIT)计算V/Q匹配度、分流比例及无效腔比例。比较iNO前后患者气体交换及V/Q匹配度的变化。

结果

24例患者年龄为75(65,83)岁。iNO后患者的PaO2/FiO2明显升高[206.2(159.6,231.5)mmHg vs 168.7(150.1,181.4)mmHg,P<0.001],V/Q匹配度明显增加[75.3(65.6,79.9)% vs 71.1(61.9,79.3)%,P=0.002],分流比例明显降低[18.2(11.5,24.2)% vs 22.7(11.6,27.4),P=0.001],无效腔比例无明显变化。iNO后PaO2/FiO2的变化与分流比例的变化相关(r=-0.461,P=0.023)。在11例氧合有反应的患者中,iNO增加V/Q匹配度并降低分流,而在氧合无反应者中,iNO前后V/Q匹配度及分流比例无明显差异。

结论

iNO可改善部分中重度ARDS患者的氧合,其改善氧合的效应可能与分流比例降低有关。

Objective

To evaluate the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) on oxygenation and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) matching in patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods

Adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who met the Berlin criteria, had an oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) ≤ 200 mmHg, and received invasive mechanical ventilation in the Department of Intensive Care Medicine at Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated to Southeast University from January 2023 to March 2024, were prospectively enrolled. Vital signs, respiratory mechanics, arterial blood gas analysis and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data were collected at baseline and 30 minutes after iNO. V/Q matching, shunt and dead space fraction were analyzed using EIT offline analysis. The changes in gas exchange and V/Q in patients before and after iNO treatment were evaluated.

Results

Twenty-four patients were enrolled, with the median age of 75 (65, 83) years. In the overall population, PaO2/FiO2 increased [206.2(159.6, 231.5) mmHg vs 168.7 (150.1, 181.4) mmHg, P<0.001] after iNO, accompanied by decreased shunt fraction [18.2 (11.5, 24.2)% vs 22.7 (11.6, 27.4)%, P=0.001], and improved V/Q matching [75.3 (65.6, 79.9)% vs 71.1 (61.9, 79.3)%, P=0.002], while the dead space fraction was unchanged. A significant correlation was found between changes in PaO2/FiO2 and shunt fraction following iNO (r=-0.461, P=0.023). Among the 11 Oxygenation responders, iNO significantly reduced the shunt fraction and improved V/Q matching among responders, whereas these effects were not significant in the non-responders.

Conclusion

In patients with moderate to severe ARDS, iNO improves oxygenation possibly by reducing the shunt fraction.

表1 24例患者一般资料统计
一般资料 总体患者(24例) 氧合无反应者(13例) 氧合有反应者(11例) 统计值 P
人口学资料
年龄[岁,MQR)] 75(65,83) 78(69,84) 75(65,83) Z=0.377 0.706
男性[例(%)] 19(79.2) 11(84.6) 8(72.7) - 0.630
体质量指数[kg/m2MQR)] 24.9(21.3,26.0) 25.3(21.2,26.0) 24.2(21.4,25.6) Z=0.552 0.581
SOFA评分(分,
±s
10±3 10±3 10±4 t=0.154 0.879
ARDS病程[d,MQR)] 4(3,10) 3(3,7) 6(3,10) Z=0.615 0.539
入组前机械通气时长[d,MQR)] 3(2,6) 3(2,5) 3(3,7) Z=0.939 0.348
重症肺炎[例(%)] 19(79.2) 9(69.2) 10(90.9) - 0.327
病毒性肺炎 8(33.3) 5(38.5) 3(27.3) - 0.679
细菌性肺炎 11(45.8) 4(30.8) 7(63.6) - 0.217
重度ARDS[例(%)] 6(25.0) 4(30.8) 2(18.2) - 0.649
慢性合并症[例(%)]
高血压病 17(70.8) 9(69.2) 8(72.7) - >0.999
糖尿病 10(41.7) 5(38.5) 5(45.5) - >0.999
慢性阻塞性肺疾病 2(8.3) 0(0) 2(18.2) - 0.199
卒中 6(25.0) 3(23.1) 3(27.3) - >0.999
iNO剂量[×10-6MQR)] 30(27,37) 36(30,40) 30(23,31) Z=2.093 0.036
呼吸参数
呼吸频率[次/min,MQR)] 25(21,26) 25(20,25) 24(22,27) Z=0.351 0.748
潮气量(ml/kg,
±s
6.4±1.3 6.7±1.3 6.0±1.2 Z=1.044 0.201
PEEP[cmH2O,MQR)] 8(6,8) 8(6,8) 8(6,8) Z=0.060 0.976
PaCO2[mmHg,MQR)] 38.4(35.2,45.8) 37.9(35.5,43.7) 38.7(36.5,44.8) Z=0.493 0.643
PaO2/FiO2[mmHg,MQR)] 168.7(150.1,181.4) 160.9(144.8,183.5) 172.8(159.1,179.3) Z=0.550 0.608
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg,
±s
37.4±8.2 36.9±7.9 38.0±8.8 t=0.318 0.754
B型脑钠肽前体[pg/ml,MQR)] 921(639,1592) 907(449,1590) 1010(791,1874) Z=0.377 0.733
ICU住院时间[d,MQR)] 16(12,33) 15(11,22) 24(14,39) Z=1.538 0.131
ICU病死[例(%)] 9(37.5) 7(53.8) 2(18.2) - 0.105
表2 24例患者基线和iNO治疗30 min后呼吸及血流动力学参数比较[MQR)]
表3 氧合有反应者和无反应者iNO治疗30 min后呼吸及血流动力学参数比较[MQR)]
参数 氧合无反应者(13例) 氧合有反应者(11例)
基线 iNO治疗后 统计值 P 基线 iNO治疗后 统计值 P
动脉血气分析
pH 7.42(7.38,7.44) 7.42(7.37,7.43) Z=0.280 0.807 7.39(7.38,7.46) 7.44(7.40,7.46) Z=1.067 0.320
PaCO2(mmHg) 37.9(33.8,45.3) 38.9(34.1,41.0) Z=0.454 0.697 38.7(35.1,46.5) 39.5(35.3,41.8) Z=1.868 0.065
PaO2(mmHg) 87.8(76.9,92.9) 85.6(77.9,97.8) Z=0.175 0.893 82.1(73.9,89.1) 103.0(97.9,107.5) Z=2.845 0.002
PaO2/FiO2(mmHg) 160.9(144.8,183.5) 171.1(142.7,195.6) Z=1.153 0.249 172.8(159.1,179.3) 236.0(210.6,241.4) Z=2.934 0.001
呼吸力学(cmH2O)
平台压 21.0(20.3,23.3) 20.9(20.0,22.7) Z=0.420 0.674 19.8(17.8,21.0) 19.3(17.6,21.4) Z=0.634 0.526
驱动压 13.3(10.5,15.5) 13.0(10.4,15.9) Z=0.350 0.726 13.0(10.9,14.2) 12.9(11.5,13.7) Z=0.634 0.526
顺应性 31.6(25.2,39.6) 34.6(24.7,40.2) Z=0.280 0.779 28.6(24.0,36.3) 30.4(24.7,34.8) Z=0.445 0.657
通气血流分布
VR 1.5(1.3,1.9) 1.6(1.3,1.6) Z=0.280 0.779 1.6(1.5,1.7) 1.6(1.4,1.8) Z=1.868 0.062
V/Q匹配度(%) 73.3(68.3,79.1) 76.1(73.7,79.9) Z=1.712 0.087 68.1(58.0,77.3) 75.2(63.0,76.5) Z=2.667 0.008
分流比例(%) 21.6(10.6,24.6) 18.1(13.0,21.4) Z=1.889 0.059 25.8(14.6,30.5) 18.2(12.7,24.1) Z=2.845 0.004
无效腔比例(%) 6.3(5.0,10.3) 5.3(4.5,7.3) Z=1.013 0.311 6.6(5.2,11.6) 7.2(5.0,12.0) Z=0.178 0.859
血流动力学
心率(次/min) 91(80,99) 84(78,102) Z=1.335 0.182 82(78,94) 84(77,96) Z=0.536 0.592
平均动脉压(mmHg,
±s
82.7±9.0 83.0±8.0 t=0.147 0.886 78.1±9.3 80.2±10.3 t=2.093 0.063
中心静脉压(mmHg) 8(8,12) 9(7,11) Z=1.093 0.274 8(7,11) 8(7,10) Z=0.836 0.403
三尖瓣反流压差(mmHg,
±s
26.8±6.4 24.4±5.5 t=3.741 0.004 29.6±8.4 25.4±6.5 t=4.336 0.001
肺动脉收缩压(mmHg,
±s
36.9±7.9 34.0±6.8 t=3.377 0.007 38.0±8.8 33.5±7.0 t=4.323 0.002
图1 基线及iNO治疗30 min后不同氧合反应者呼吸及血流动力学参数比较。图a为PaO2/FiO2;图b为V/Q匹配度;图c为分流比例;图d为无效腔比例;***P<0.001,**P<0.01,ns差异无统计学意义 注:iNO为吸入一氧化氮;PaO2为动脉血氧分压;FiO2为吸入氧浓度;V/Q为通气/血流比
图2 典型的ARDS患者在基线及iNO后肺内通气血流分布情况。图a为1例氧合有反应的ARDS患者,iNO后分流比例降低,V/Q匹配度改善;图b为1例氧合无反应的ARDS患者,iNO后分流比例及V/Q匹配度均未改善。其中,第1列通气分布图,由蓝到白代表通气由少到多;第2列血流分布图,由蓝到红代表血流由少到多;第3列V/Q匹配度,灰色代表无效腔比例,蓝色代表分流比例,黄色代表V/Q匹配度 注:ARDS为急性呼吸窘迫综合征;iNO为吸入一氧化氮;V/Q为通气/血流比
图3 iNO后PaO2/FiO2变化的相关性分析。图a为分流比例;图b为无效腔比例;图c为V/Q匹配度 注:iNO为吸入一氧化氮;PaO2为动脉血氧分压;FiO2为吸入氧浓度;V/Q为通气/血流比
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