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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (04) : 360 -367. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2025.04.006

重症医学研究

中国ICU内失血性休克与创伤性凝血病患者诊治现状调查
梁为添1, 毕钟允1, 马凯达1, 孙旖旎1, 万林骏2, 秦秉玉3, 张东4, 刘健5, 彭玥6, 丁仁彧1, 陈铭铭1,(), 马晓春1,(), 国家重症医学专业医疗质量控制中心重症凝血病学质控工作组   
  1. 1 110000 沈阳,中国医科大学附属第一医院重症医学科
    2 650101 昆明,昆明医科大学第二附属医院重症医学科
    3 450003 郑州,河南省人民医院重症医学科
    4 130021 长春,吉林大学第一医院重症医学科
    5 730000 兰州,兰州大学第一医院重症医学科
    6 410013 长沙,中南大学湘雅三医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-30 出版日期:2025-11-28
  • 通信作者: 陈铭铭, 马晓春
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2500805)

A national survey on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hemorrhagic shock and trauma-inducedcoagulopathy in Chinese ICUs

Weitian Liang1, Zhongyun Bi1, Kaida Ma1, Yini Sun1, Linjun Wan2, Bingyu Qin3, Dong Zhang4, Jian Liu5, Yue Peng6, Renyu Ding1, Mingming Chen1,(), Xiaochun Ma1,(), Critical Coagulopathy Quality Control Working Group of Clinical Quality Control Center for Critical Care Medicine   

  1. 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
    2 Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
    3 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People′s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
    4 Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
    5 Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    6 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
  • Received:2024-09-30 Published:2025-11-28
  • Corresponding author: Mingming Chen, Xiaochun Ma
引用本文:

梁为添, 毕钟允, 马凯达, 孙旖旎, 万林骏, 秦秉玉, 张东, 刘健, 彭玥, 丁仁彧, 陈铭铭, 马晓春, 国家重症医学专业医疗质量控制中心重症凝血病学质控工作组. 中国ICU内失血性休克与创伤性凝血病患者诊治现状调查[J/OL]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2025, 11(04): 360-367.

Weitian Liang, Zhongyun Bi, Kaida Ma, Yini Sun, Linjun Wan, Bingyu Qin, Dong Zhang, Jian Liu, Yue Peng, Renyu Ding, Mingming Chen, Xiaochun Ma, Critical Coagulopathy Quality Control Working Group of Clinical Quality Control Center for Critical Care Medicine. A national survey on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hemorrhagic shock and trauma-inducedcoagulopathy in Chinese ICUs[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(04): 360-367.

目的

深入调查并分析中国ICU内失血性休克与创伤性凝血病患者的诊治现状。

方法

通过问卷调查的方法,对中国31个省、自治区、直辖市的814家二级及以上医院的1733名重症医师进行问卷调查,内容主要涉及被调查者所在医院ICU相关内容(其中包括ICU类型、床位数等)、失血性休克与创伤性凝血病评估及治疗相关内容,分析ICU在这两类疾病诊治过程中的关键环节和影响因素。

结果

参与调查的医师有44.03%来自三级甲等教学医院的综合ICU。心率(87.88%)、血压(93.83%)、凝血酶原时间(98.27%)和纤维蛋白原(94.40%)等是重症医师诊断失血性休克与创伤性凝血病的常用指标,并为目标导向的输血决策提供治疗依据。对于复苏液体和血制品种类的选择、凝血管理的目标、离子钙水平、核心体温的控制目标以及深静脉血栓的预防,大部分医师的认知与《创伤后大出血和凝血病管理的欧洲指南:第六版》较为一致。调查结果中与上述指南不一致的内容主要有:血液黏弹性检测并未广泛应用于临床;应用血浆纠正低纤维蛋白原血症;首选葡萄糖酸钙而非氯化钙用于补充离子钙;认为分级压力袜可以预防下肢深静脉血栓。

结论

我国ICU医师对于失血性休克与创伤性凝血病患者的诊疗策略认知水平较高,但仍有进一步规范和提升的空间;根据调查问卷的结果进行有针对性的培训或者质控方案的制定可能有利于提升医护人员的相关认知。

Objective

To investigate the current practice in the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic shock and trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) in ICUs across China.

Methods

A nationwide questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 1733 critical care physicians from 814 secondary and tertiary hospitals across all 31 provincial-level regions in China. The collected data were statistically analyzed to comprehensively evaluate key aspects and influencing factors in the management of these conditions.

Results

The majority of respondents were from comprehensive ICUs in tertiary Grade A teaching hospitals. Heart rate (87.88%), blood pressure (93.83%), prothrombin time (98.27%), and fibrinogen level (94.40%) were the most commonly used indicators for diagnosing hemorrhagic shock and TIC and for guiding transfusion decisions. Physicians' perceptions regarding the choice of resuscitation fluids and blood products, goals of coagulation management, target ionized calcium level, core temperature control, and deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis were largely consistent with the European Guideline on Management of Major Bleeding and Coagulopathy Following Trauma: Sixth Edition. Several key discrepancies with the guideline were identified: viscoelastic testing was not widely used in clinical practice; fresh frozen plasma was still commonly used to correct hypoalbuminemia; calcium gluconate was preferred over calcium chloride for supplementing ionized calcium; and graduated compression stockings were considered effective for preventing lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.

Conclusion

Chinese intensivists demonstrate a relatively high level of knowledge in managing hemorrhagic shock and TIC.However, significant opportunities for standardization and improvement remain. Targeted training programs and quality control initiatives based on these survey findings are warranted to bridge the gap between current practices and evidence-based guidelines.

表1 问卷调查中被调查者基本信息统计(1733名)
图1 失血性休克诊断的常用指标占比情况
图2 创伤性凝血病诊断的常用指标占比情况 注:t-PAI-C为组织型纤溶酶原激活物-抑制剂复合物;PIC为纤溶酶-α2纤溶酶抑制剂复合物;TAT为凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物;TM为血栓调节蛋白;TEG为血栓弹力图;PLT为血小板;D-Dimer为D-二聚体;FIB为纤维蛋白原;PTr为凝血酶原时间比值;INR为国际标准化比值;PT为凝血酶原时间
图3 非颅脑外伤的创伤失血患者初始补液治疗的选择
图4 限制性容量替代治疗的血压目标 注:SBP为收缩压;MAP为平均动脉压;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa
表2 被调查者对血制品治疗的认识情况(1733名)
图5 创伤失血患者补充纤维蛋白原时选择的占比情况
图6 低纤维蛋白原血症大失血患者初始补充剂量选择的占比情况
图7 被认为可以指导血浆使用的指标的占比情况 注:TEG为血栓弹力图;FXⅢ为凝血因子XⅢ;D-Dimer为D-二聚体;PTr为凝血酶原时间比值;PT为凝血酶原时间;INR为国际标准化比值;APTT为活化部分凝血活酶时间
图8 纤维蛋白原水平正常,TEG提示R值延长至正常值2倍时药物或血液制品选择的占比情况
表3 被调查者对核心体温、离子钙目标及钙剂选择的治疗及认识(1733名)
图9 早期治疗正在出血或有严重出血风险的创伤患者药物选择的占比情况
图10 重组活化凝血因子Ⅶ使用的占比情况
图11 创伤失血患者血栓预防方案选择的占比情况
表4 创伤凝血病目标导向管理*
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