2023 , Vol. 09 >Issue 01: 54 - 61
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2023.01.010
T管与PSV自主呼吸试验对重症患者成功撤机后临床转归的影响——一项回顾性队列研究
Copy editor: 卫轲
收稿日期: 2023-02-03
网络出版日期: 2023-04-07
版权
Effects of T-piece and PSV spontaneous breathing trials on clinical outcomes after successful weaning in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study
Received date: 2023-02-03
Online published: 2023-04-07
Copyright
比较低水平压力辅助通气(PSV)与T管进行自主呼吸试验(SBT)对机械通气患者成功撤机后临床转归的影响。
回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年12月中山大学附属第一医院重症一科收治的253例机械通气时间在24 h至2周内的重症患者。所有患者均成功通过SBT并拔除气管插管,根据拔管前SBT方法分为PSV组和T管组。比较2组拔管后呼吸衰竭发生率、呼吸衰竭发生时间、呼吸衰竭发生原因、再插管率、拔管时间、拔管后ICU停留时间、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、入ICU后至拔管前时间、在院时间、在院全因病死率等临床转归的差异。
2组在呼吸衰竭发生率、呼吸衰竭发生时间、再插管率、住院病死率、在院时间上比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与T管组相比,PSV组从开始SBT至拔除气管导管时间明显更短,机械通气时间[2.9(1.7,4.8)d vs 3.9(1.8,6.3)d]及ICU住院时间均更短[6.2(3.9,10.8)d vs 8.8(4.5,12.5)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
机械通气患者撤机时SBT采用PSV法更有利于加快撤机进程,减少机械通气时间并缩短ICU住院时间,不增加拔管后呼吸衰竭发生率。
朱秀芬 , 韦碧琳 , 郑慧芳 , 丁林芳 , 徐子萌 , 余文轩 , 原皓 , 常泽楠 , 黄志坤 , 刘紫锰 . T管与PSV自主呼吸试验对重症患者成功撤机后临床转归的影响——一项回顾性队列研究[J]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2023 , 09(01) : 54 -61 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2023.01.010
To evaluate the effects of spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) between T-piece and low-level pressure-assisted ventilation (PSV) on clinical outcomes after successful weaning in mechanically ventilated patients.
This retrospective cohort study was performed for 253 critically ill patients with a mechanical ventilation duration of 24 hours to 2 weeks admitted to the Department of Surgical Intensive Care of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2019 to December 2020. All patients successfully passed SBT and removed the endotracheal intubation, and were divided into PSV group and T-piece group according to the SBT method before extubation. The differences in clinical outcomes such as the incidence of respiratory failure, time of occurrence of respiratory failure, causes of respiratory failure, reintubation rate, time to extubation, duration of ICU stay after extubation, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in ICU, time after admission to extubation, time in hospital, and all-cause mortality rate in hospital were compared between the two groups.
There were no significant differences in the incidence of respiratory failure, time to occurrence of respiratory failure, reintubation rate, inpatient mortality, and length of hospitalization between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the T-piece group, the time from initiation of SBT to removal of the endotracheal tube was significantly shortened in the PSV group, and the duration of mechanical ventilation [2.9 (1.7, 4.8 d) d vs 3.9 (1.8, 6.3) d] and ICU length of stay were shorter [6.2 (3.9, 10.8) d vs 8.8 (4.5, 12.5) d] (P<0.05).
The low PEEP PSV method used by SBT for mechanical ventilation weaning is more conducive to acceleration the weaning process, reduces mechanical ventilation time, and shortens ICU stay.
表1 2组机械通气患者一般资料比较 |
一般资料 | 总体(253例) | T管组(97例) | PSV组(156例) | 统计值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
男/女(例) | 165/88 | 60/37 | 105/51 | χ2=0.783 | 0.376 |
年龄(岁, ±s) | 64.0±14.7 | 62.4±14.8 | 65±14.7 | t=1.368 | 0.452 |
APACHEⅡ(分, ±s) | 19.5±6.9 | 19.7±6.9 | 19.3±6.9 | t=0.396 | 0.803 |
BMI(kg/m2, ±s) | 23.0±4.0 | 22.8±3.6 | 25.1±4.2 | t=0.459 | 0.713 |
入住ICU原因[例(%)] | |||||
外科术后 | 157(62.1) | 56(57.0) | 101(64.7) | χ2=1.248 | 0.264 |
呼吸衰竭 | 87(34.3) | 32(33.0) | 55(35.3) | χ2=0.136 | 0.721 |
循环不稳 | 102(40.3) | 39(40.2) | 63(40.4) | χ2=0.000 | 0.978 |
严重感染 | 71(28.1) | 28(28.9) | 43(27.6) | χ2=0.050 | 0.823 |
心功能不全 | 30(11.9) | 9(9.3) | 21(13.5) | χ2=1.001 | 0.317 |
其他 | 12(4.7) | 6(6.2) | 6(3.8) | χ2=0.299 | 0.544 |
注:PSV为压力支持通气;APACHE Ⅱ为急性生理与慢性健康评分;BMI为体质量指数 |
表2 2组机械通气患者基线合并症比较[例(%)] |
基线合并症 | 总体(253例) | T管组(97例) | PSV组(156例) | χ2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
合并症 | |||||
心血管系统 | 167(66.0) | 58(59.8) | 109(69.9) | 2.707 | 0.100 |
呼吸系统 | 163(64.4) | 61(62.9) | 102(65.4) | 0.163 | 0.687 |
恶性肿瘤 | 100(39.5) | 35(36.1) | 65(41.7) | 0.780 | 0.377 |
神经系统 | 48(19.0) | 20(20.6) | 28(17.9) | 0.277 | 0.599 |
糖尿病 | 47(18.6) | 18(18.6) | 29(18.6) | 0.025 | 0.995 |
肾功能不全 | 82(32.4) | 29(29.9) | 53(34.0) | 0.454 | 0.501 |
肝功能不全 | 32(12.6) | 15(15.5) | 17(10.9) | 1.129 | 0.288 |
其他* | 4(1.6) | 2(2.1) | 2(1.3) | 0.233 | 0.639 |
合并多系统 | |||||
2个系统 | 73(28.6) | 28(28.9) | 45(28.8) | 0.019 | 0.997 |
3个系统 | 58(22.9) | 28(28.9) | 30(19.2) | 3.140 | 0.076 |
4个系统 | 44(17.4) | 10(10.3) | 34(21.8) | 5.492 | 0.019 |
5个系统 | 12(4.7) | 5(5.2) | 7(4.5) | 0.058 | 0.772 |
6个系统及以上 | 3(1.2) | 2(2.1) | 1(0.6) | 0.175 | 0.560 |
注:*包括重症肌无力1例,截瘫1例,免疫抑制2例;PSV为压力支持通气 |
表3 2组机械通气患者不同时间点生命体征、血气等指标比较( |
指标 | 总体(253例) | T管组(97例) | PSV组(156例) | t值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SBT前 | |||||
RR(次/min) | 16.2±4.4 | 16.4±4.7 | 16.1±4.2 | 0.555 | 0.580 |
心率(次/min) | 85.0±14.4 | 85.0±14.7 | 85.0±14.3 | 0.003 | 0.998 |
PaCO2(mmHg) | 39.0±5.6 | 39.3±5.1 | 38.7±6.0 | 0.864 | 0.389 |
氧合指数 | 318.4±95.4 | 322.7±97.3 | 315.6±94.3 | 0.571 | 0.568 |
PEEP(cmH2O) | 5.2±1.0 | 5.0±0.7 | 5.3±1.1 | 2.099 | 0.037 |
NT-proBNP(pg/ml) | 2420.7±5468.8 | 2238.2±6049.0 | 2534.8±5090.4 | 0.398 | 0.691 |
PS(cmH2O) | 10.8±1.6 | 10.7±1.7 | 10.8±1.6 | 0.835 | 0.404 |
RSBI[次/(L·min)] | 35.9±12.2 | 36.4±12.9 | 35.6±11.9 | 0.465 | 0.642 |
拔管前 | |||||
RR(次/min) | 18.2±5.5 | 19.0±5.8 | 17.7±5.3 | 1.897 | 0.059 |
心率(次/min) | 88.6±14.6 | 89.0±15.3 | 88.4±14.2 | 0.310 | 0.757 |
PaCO2(mmHg) | 38.5±5.6 | 39.3±5.9 | 38.0±5.4 | 1.635 | 0.104 |
氧合指数(mmHg) | 297.4±96.1 | 298.5±86.8 | 296.7±102 | 0.128 | 0.898 |
咳嗽评分(分) | 3.9±0.9 | 3.9±0.9 | 3.9±0.9 | 0.398 | 0.691 |
拔管后24 h | |||||
RR(次/min) | 18.7±6.5 | 19.2±5.1 | 18.3±7.2 | 0.965 | 0.335 |
心率(次/min) | 87.9±15.4 | 88.0±16.6 | 87.7±14.6 | 0.141 | 0.888 |
PaCO2(mmHg) | 39.7±7.1 | 39.7±5.1 | 39.6±8.1 | 1.480 | 0.883 |
氧合指数(mmHg) | 281.8±104.7 | 295.3±96.8 | 273.7±108.7 | 1.575 | 0.117 |
咳嗽评分(分) | 4.2±0.9 | 4.3±0.8 | 4.2±0.9 | 0.611 | 0.542 |
注:PSV为压力支持通气;SBT为自主呼吸试验;RR为呼吸频率;PaO2为动脉血氧分压;PaCO2为动脉血二氧化碳分压;PEEP为呼气末正压;NT-proBNP为N末端脑钠肽前体;PS为压力支持;RSBI为呼吸浅快指数;1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa |
表4 2组机械通气患者主要结局指标比较[例(%)] |
主要结局指标 | 总体情况 (253例) | T管组(97例) | PSV组(156例) | χ2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
呼吸衰竭发生情况 | 53(20.9) | 19(19.6) | 34(21.8) | 0.176 | 0.657 |
发生呼吸衰竭时间( ±s) | 15.8±13.6 | 16.8±15.1 | 15.3±13.0 | t=0.838 | 0.983 |
呼吸衰竭的临床表现 | |||||
呼吸性酸中毒 | 9(3.6) | 2(2.1) | 7(4.5) | 0.440 | 0.489 |
低氧血症 | 32(12.6) | 12(12.4) | 20(12.8) | 0.011 | 0.917 |
呼吸急促 | 13(5.1) | 3(3.1) | 10(6.4) | 0.756 | 0.381 |
意识水平下降 | 4(1.6) | 2(2.1) | 2(1.3) | 0.001 | 0.639 |
烦躁且不可控制 | 10(4.0) | 3(3.1) | 7(4.5) | 0.049 | 0.746 |
呼吸肌疲劳 | 2(0.8) | 0(0) | 2(1.3) | - | 0.525 |
其他* | 1(0.4) | 1(1.0) | 0(0) | - | 0.383 |
呼吸衰竭后治疗方案 | |||||
高流量氧疗参数增加 | 31(12.3) | 11(11.3) | 20(12.8) | 0.121 | 0.727 |
无创正压通气 | 5(2.0) | 1(1.0) | 4(2.6) | 0.150 | 0.652 |
再插管 | 11(4.3) | 6(6.2) | 5(3.2) | 0.661 | 0.343 |
其他# | 31(12.3) | 10(10.3) | 21(13.5) | 0.553 | 0.457 |
注:PSV为压力支持通气;*其他:动脉瘤破裂;#其他:包括纤维支镜吸痰或加强排痰,加盖面罩或置入鼻咽通,加强镇静镇痛,未确定处理方式,体温升高予降温,出现房颤药物控制;“-”代表Fisher确切概率法检验 |
表5 2组机械通气患者次要结局指标比较 |
次要结局指标 | 总体情况(253例) | T管组(97例) | PSV组(156例) | 统计值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
拔管后ICU停留时间[d,M(P25,P75)] | 2.9(1.3,5.3) | 3.0(1.8,6.1) | 2.8(1.2,5.1) | Z=1.633 | 0.229 |
入ICU至拔管前时间[d,M(P25,P75)] | 3.5(1.8,5.8) | 4.2(2.0,7.5) | 3.3(1.7,5.5) | Z=2.374 | 0.039 |
机械通气时间[d,M(P25,P75)] | 3.1(1.7,5.3) | 3.9(1.8,6.3) | 2.9(1.7,4.8) | Z=1.937 | 0.048 |
ICU住院时间[d,M(P25,P75)] | 7.0(4.1,11.7) | 8.8(4.5,12.5) | 6.2(3.9,10.8) | Z=2.394 | 0.044 |
在院时间[d,M(P25,P75)] | 24.8(15.8,38.8) | 25.4(16.6,41.8) | 24.7(15.2,37.3) | Z=0.776 | 0.497 |
出ICU后在院时间[d,M(P25,P75)] | 8.8(4.0,18.8) | 8.9(4.0,19.0) | 8.8(4.0,18.7) | Z=0.047 | 0.867 |
SBT开始至拔管时间(h, ±s) | 124.2±108.3 | 174.5±127.6 | 92±80 | t=6.253 | <0.001 |
SBT开始至拔管时间[例(%)] | |||||
<60 min | 119(47.0) | 19(19.6) | 100(64.1) | χ2=45.574 | <0.001 |
60~120 min | 64(25.4) | 33(34.0) | 31(19.9) | χ2=5.609 | 0.012 |
>120 min | 69(27.3) | 44(45.4) | 25(16.0) | χ2=25.949 | <0.001 |
ICU转归[例(%)] | |||||
达转出ICU标准转出 | 224(88.5) | 82(84.5) | 142(91.0) | χ2=2.482 | 0.115 |
家属要求出ICU但明显好转 | 15(5.9) | 9(9.3) | 6(3.8) | χ2=3.164 | 0.075 |
家属放弃出ICU | 7(2.8) | 3(3.1) | 4(2.6) | χ2=0.021 | 1.000 |
死亡 | 7(2.8) | 3(3.1) | 4(2.6) | χ2=0.021 | 1.000 |
临床转归[例(%)] | |||||
好转出院 | 178(70.4) | 65(67) | 113(72.4) | χ2=0.844 | 0.358 |
好转转院 | 42(16.6) | 21(21.6) | 21(13.5) | χ2=2.896 | 0.089 |
家属放弃出院 | 19(7.5) | 5(5.2) | 14(9.0) | χ2=0.766 | 0.262 |
死亡 | 14(5.5) | 6(6.2) | 8(5.1) | χ2=0.128 | 0.721 |
注:PSV为压力支持通气 |
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