Home    中文  
 
  • Search
  • lucene Search
  • Citation
  • Fig/Tab
  • Adv Search
Just Accepted  |  Current Issue  |  Archive  |  Featured Articles  |  Most Read  |  Most Download  |  Most Cited
Clinical Researches

Application of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in patients after gastric volume reduction

  • Xiaoxiao Sun 1 ,
  • Zhonglin Zhang 1 ,
  • Yuanzhuo Chen 1 ,
  • Yi Fang 1 ,
  • Di Lyu 1 ,
  • Xin Qin 1 ,
  • Yugang Zhuang , 1,
Expand
  • 1.Department of Emergency, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
Corresponding author: Zhuang Yugang, Email:

Received date: 2020-10-18

  Online published: 2021-10-20

Copyright

Copyright by Chinese Medical Association No content published by the journals of Chinese Medical Association may be reproduced or abridged without authorization. Please do not use or copy the layout and design of the journals without permission. All articles published represent the opinions of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy of the Chinese Medical Association or the Editorial Board, unless this is clearly specified.

Abstract

Objective

To explore whether high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy can improve postoperative hypoxemia and improve patient comfort in obese patients after gastric volume reduction.

Methods

Obese patients who were transferred to the EICU after gastric volume reduction in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital from October 2019 to September 2020 were selected as the study subjects by using prospective randomized controlled clinical research methods; according to the random coin throwing method, they were divided into HFNC group (n=22) and traditional oxygen therapy group (n=28). Patients' general information (gender, age, BMI, whether they have OSAHS), blood gas results at 0.5 h, 2 h and 24 h after admission, average heart rate at night (20:00-08:00 the next day), average oxygen saturation, minimum oxygen saturation, number of oxygen reduction, apnea hypopnea index(AHI) and comfort were compared between the two groups.

Results

(1) There was no statistical difference in age, sex and BMI between the two groups; (2) The PO2 and oxygenation index at 2 h, 24 h after admission in the high flow group were significantly higher than those in the traditional oxygen therapy group, and PCO2 was lower than that in the traditional oxygen therapy group, with statistical difference (P<0.05), and others were not statistically different between the two groups at different times. In high flow group, 2 h pH, PO2 and oxygenation index were significantly higher than 0.5 h, with statistical difference (P<0.05); the pH at 2 h and pH, PO2, oxygenation index at 24 h after admission were significantly higher than 0.5 h after admission (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in two group at different times. (3) Among the indicators related to the 12 h nocturnal sleep monitoring, the average oxygen saturation and minimum oxygen saturation at night in the high flow group were higher than those in the traditional oxygen therapy group, and the number of oxygen reduction and average heart rate were lower than those in the traditional oxygen therapy group, with statistical differences (P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference in AHI between the two groups. (4) In general data, the subjective comfort of patients in the HFNC group was better than that in the traditional oxygen therapy group, with statistical difference (P<0.05).

Conclusion

HFNC can effectively alleviate hypoxemia in obese patients after gastric volume reduction surgery and build better subjective comfort in them.

Cite this article

Xiaoxiao Sun , Zhonglin Zhang , Yuanzhuo Chen , Yi Fang , Di Lyu , Xin Qin , Yugang Zhuang . Application of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in patients after gastric volume reduction[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2021 , 07(03) : 214 -218 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2021.03.004

目前,肥胖已成为全球性高发疾病,为高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、肿瘤等慢性疾病常见诱发因素,对人们生活质量、生存时间在一定程度上造成了严重影响。根据世界卫生组织标准,体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)≥30 kg/m2而体质量尚未超过标准体质量100%或45 kg者为肥胖,归为低危组;BMI>40 kg/m2,体质量超过标准体质量100%以上者为病态性肥胖,归为高危组1。一般体质量超重者可通过调整饮食、适当运动或服用减肥药物等多种方法进行控制,而对于病态性肥胖,采用保守治疗很难取得预期减重效果。近年来胃减容手术对病态性肥胖患者的治疗取得良好效果并逐渐替代保守治疗法,成为减重领域最为有效及可靠的治疗方法2, 3。但肥胖患者普遍存在不同程度的睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)或肺功能减退,胃减容术后麻醉后遗效应或疼痛可导致低氧血症的出现或导致原本的低氧血症加重,增加再插管率,影响患者的预后。术后序贯有效氧疗如经鼻导管吸氧可在一定程度上缓解其症状,改善通气氧合,并可降低再插管率。经鼻高流量氧疗(high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy,HFNC)可保持恒定的供氧浓度并维持一定的呼气末正压(positive end expiratory pressure,PEEP)水平,具有良好的加温、加湿功能,能够提高患者舒适性和耐受性,与传统氧疗方式相比具有一定优势4。目前,HFNC作为一种新的呼吸支持技术在临床上已经得到广泛应用5。为探讨HFNC可否改善肥胖症患者术后低氧血症及提升患者舒适度,本文就术后转入急诊ICU的胃减容术后患者序贯HFNC与序贯传统的经鼻导管吸氧氧疗进行比较。

资料与方法

一、研究对象

采用前瞻性随机对照研究,选择2019年10月至2020年9月于上海市第十人民医院接受胃减容术后转入急诊ICU的肥胖患者为研究对象,共计50例。采用随机抛硬币法将其分为2组,其中经鼻高流量氧疗者22例,为高流量组(氧流量40 L/min,吸氧浓度40%),经鼻导管吸氧者28例,为传统氧疗组(氧流量5 L/min)。2组年龄、性别、BMI、是否患有OSAHS等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究符合医学伦理学标准,并获得医院伦理委员会批准同意(审批号:SHSY-IEC-3.1/16-99/01),同时获得患者或家属的知情同意。

二、纳入及排除标准

1. 纳入标准:(1)年龄≥14岁;(2)BMI≥28 kg/m2;(3)接受胃减容术后转入急诊ICU;(4)同意使用HFNC。
2. 排除标准:(1)术后机械通气患者;(2)有严重肺部疾病史以及恶性肿瘤、免疫疾病病史;(3)中途需要换用其他呼吸治疗方式或要求退出研究者。

三、资料收集

收集患者一般资料,包括性别、年龄、BMI、是否患有OSAHS;入急诊ICU后0.5 h、2 h、24 h血气相关指标[pH,氧分压(partial pressure of oxygen,PO2),二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PCO2),氧合指数];夜间(20∶00至次日08∶00)心率(heart rate,HR)、血氧饱和度(saturation of pulse oxygen,SpO2)、最低SpO2、氧减次数(心电监测中出现SpO2低于平均SpO2的次数)、呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)。采用问卷调查,使用视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)评价氧疗舒适度,分值0~10分,分值越低,舒适度越高。

四、统计学分析

采用SPSS 20.0统计软件,年龄、BMI、pH、PO2、PCO2、氧合指数、HR、SpO2、最低SpO2、舒适度评分等符合正态分布的计量资料用
x¯
±s表示,组间比较采用t检验。氧减次数、AHI等非正态分布资料用MQ25Q75)表示,组间比较采用秩和检验。性别分布、OSAHS比例等计数资料以率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结果

一、患者一般资料统计

2组患者性别、年龄、BMI及是否患有OSAHS比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
表1 高流量组与传统氧疗组患者一般资料比较
组别 例数 男性[例(%)] 年龄(岁,
x¯
±s)
BMI(kg/m2
x¯
±s)
OSAHS[例(%)]
高流量组 22 11(50.0) 31.6±10.6 41.6±5.3 13(59.1)
传统氧疗组 28 10(35.7) 30.8±10.6 39.8±6.0 15(53.6)
统计值 χ2=1.032 t=0.374 t=0.893 χ2=0.152
P 0.310 0.650 0.080 0.696

注:BMI为体质量指数;OSAHS为睡眠呼吸暂停综合征

二、2组患者动脉血气相关指标比较

组间比较,高流量组入科2 h及24 h的PO2、氧合指数明显高于传统氧疗组,PCO2低于传统氧疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余各指标不同时点组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表2)。
表2 高流量组与传统氧疗组患者不同时点动脉血气相关指标比较(
x¯
±s
组别 例数 pH PO2(mmHg)
入科0.5 h 入科2 h 入科24 h 入科0.5 h 入科2 h 入科24 h
高流量组 22 7.32±0.02 7.35±0.03a 7.37±0.04b 102.67±12.97 126.15±38.45a 132.59±30.18b
传统氧疗组 28 7.33±0.04 7.36±0.04a 7.38±0.04b 95.00±14.36 103.60±31.49 113.14±17.47b
t 0.827 0.598 0.429 1.956 2.281 2.859
P 0.413 0.553 0.770 0.056 0.027 0.006
组别 例数 PCO2(mmHg) 氧合指数
入科0.5 h 入科2 h 入科24 h 入科0.5 h 入科2 h 入科24 h
高流量组 22 40.60±5.01 42.28±4.68 42.50±4.54 313.36±73.37 380.27±95.36a 426.82±81.16b
传统氧疗组 28 44.11±7.73 45.73±5.09 46.18±5.60 291.71±50.04 323.25±84.95 365.39±79.69b
t 1.845 2.468 2.501 1.239 2.232 2.247
P 0.071 0.017 0.016 0.221 0.030 0.029

注:与同组入科0.5 h比较,aP<0.05,bP<0.01;PO2为氧分压;PCO2为二氧化碳分压;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa

组内比较,高流量组,入科2 h及24 h的pH、PO2、氧合指数均明显高于入科0.5 h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);传统氧疗组,入科2 h的pH及24 h的pH、PO2、氧合指数明显高于入科0.5 h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余各指标不同时点间组内比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表2)。

三、2组患者夜间睡眠监测相关指标比较

12 h夜间睡眠监测相关指标中,高流量组SpO2、最低SpO2高于传统氧疗组,HR、氧减次数低于传统氧疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组间AHI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表3)。
表3 高流量组与传统氧疗组患者夜间睡眠监测相关指标分析
组别 例数 HR(次/分,
x¯
±s)
SpO2(%,
x¯
±s)
最低SpO2(%,
x¯
±s)
氧减次数[次,MQ25Q75)] AHI[MQ25Q75)]
高流量组 22 73.13±8.63 96.06±1.40 84.41±6.56 42.64(16.50,66.00) 15.31(3.88,16.83)
传统氧疗组 28 78.30±7.63 94.68±2.15 78.32±10.19 90.18(49.75,92.75) 31.64(7.28,43.03)
统计值 t=2.310 t=2.644 t=2.432 Z=2.222 Z=1.680
P 0.029 0.011 0.018 0.031 0.080

注:HR为心率;SpO2为血氧饱和度;AHI为呼吸暂停低通气指数

四、2组患者主观舒适度比较

在患者主观舒适度方面,高流量组患者舒适度评分明显高于传统氧疗组,差异有统计学意义[(3.64±1.61)分vs(2.14±1.21)分,t=3.859,P=0.000]。

讨论

本研究通过对肥胖症患者胃减容术后拔管后序贯HFNC与传统氧疗的相关临床数据,分析2组间的差异性,旨在探讨HFNC可否改善肥胖症患者胃减容术后低氧血症及提升术后呼吸舒适度。
病态性肥胖会引起高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脂肪肝、OSAHS等多个系统的慢性疾病6,不仅给患者生活带来极大不便,还会增加死亡风险。在呼吸方面,肥胖是哮喘、阻塞性OSAHS、肥胖低通气综合征(obesity hypoventilation syndrome,OHS)和肺动脉高压的重要危险因素7。在肥胖患者中,由于胸腹部脂肪堆积、呼吸肌间脂肪浸润等原因,在一定程度降低了胸壁、肺组织以及整个呼吸系统的顺应性,从而引起限制性通气障碍,导致呼气储备容量(expiratory reserve volume,ERV)和功能残气量(functional residual capacity,FRC)的显著降低。另外,肥胖还可引起自身气道狭窄及气道闭合,气道狭窄和闭合分别增加了通气的不均匀性和气体潴留,引起通气血流比例失调,进而引起机体缺氧和动脉氧饱和度降低,以及呼吸困难7。肥胖患者这一自身病理性改变及手术、术后腹胀、腹痛无疑加重了原有的低氧状态,给术后拔除气管插管带来了困难。另外,肥胖患者颈部脂肪堆积、颈短,再次建立人工气道难度较健康人明显增加。近年来,HFNC作为一种新型的氧疗方法,因其良好的加温加湿功能4,稳定的吸氧浓度8和持续气道正压通气9,改善低氧状态,降低呼吸功,提升患者主观舒适度,却不会额外加重腹部不适或疼痛感,较其他方式可能更适用于腹部手术后患者拔除气管插管后的呼吸支持。本研究参考多项随机试验方法及睡眠呼吸监测各项指标10, 11, 12,选取可在一定程度上反映患者术后缺氧程度的相关临床指标如各时段血气结果、夜间睡眠氧减次数等进行统计学分析,具有一定的可靠性。
在本次研究中,肥胖患者胃减容术后2 h PO2、PCO2、氧合指数及24 h PO2、PCO2、氧合指数在2组间存在差异,高流量组PO2、氧合指数明显高于传统氧疗组,PCO2较传统氧疗组降低。高流量组入科2 h pH、PO2、氧合指数明显高于入科0.5 h;入科2 h和入科24 h PO2、氧合指数无统计学差异;入科24 h pH、PO2、氧合指数明显高于入科0.5 h。传统氧疗组入科0.5 h和入科2 h PO2、氧合指数无统计学差异,入科2 h和入科24 h PO2、氧合指数无统计学差异,入科24 h PO2、氧合指数明显高于入科0.5 h。12 h夜间睡眠监测相关指标显示,高流量组SpO2、最低SpO2高于传统氧疗组,氧减次数、HR低于传统氧疗组,差异显著。相比传统氧疗方式,HFNC可及时有效降低患者术后低氧风险,一定程度上降低患者术后HR,提高患者可接受度与主观舒适度。Frat等12研究表明,HFNC可提高急性低氧性呼吸衰竭患者的生存率;同时,使用HFNC可降低患者的呼吸不适度,减少呼吸做功,降低呼吸频率(respiratory rate,RR)。Hernández等13在一项危重患者随机对照临床研究中发现,拔管后序贯HFNC组再次出现呼吸衰竭率低于无创呼吸机辅助通气(noninvasive ventilation,NIV)组,在拔管后预防再插管方面不逊于NIV。相关Meta分析证实,在预防拔管后呼吸衰竭、再插管率方面,HFNC效果优于传统氧疗14。OPERA试验表明15,拔管后序贯HFNC可降低腹部手术患者拔管后肺部并发症的风险。在本次研究中,笔者发现,HFNC可降低肥胖患者胃减容术后发生低氧风险,并可在一定程度上提高患者主观舒适度,和现有文献报道一致。因此,对于术前具有呼吸功能障碍的患者,尤其是腹部手术患者,拔管后序贯HFNC可能会在一定程度上降低术后及夜间低氧血症发生率,提高患者术后舒适度,促进患者术后尽早拔除气管插管。
有研究证实,ROX指数(SpO2/FiO2×RR)可以预测肺炎和急性呼吸衰竭患者的HFNC成功率16。除肺炎外的其他原因引起的呼吸衰竭患者或计划拔管后开始的HFNC患者中是否也能发挥同样的作用,还有待观察。Goh等17改良ROX-HR指数(ROX指数/HR×100)似乎是早期识别HFNC治疗急性低氧性呼吸衰竭患者失败或计划拔管后预防性治疗失败的有效工具。在后期研究中,可进一步将患者动态改良ROX-HR指数纳入研究,早期评估高流量氧疗的有效性,及时识别再插管风险。本次研究仍存在部分局限性:(1)在样本量方面:在夜间睡眠监测指标中,2组间AHI无明显统计学差异,可能和本次研究样本量相对不足有关,后续研究需进一步扩大样本量;(2)在临床相关指标方面:扩充各时段血气分析及睡眠呼吸监测相关指标,可进一步增加研究结果的可靠性。
综上,HFNC可以有效降低肥胖患者胃减容术后发生低氧风险,为早期拔除气管插管提供安全保障。同时,可有效提升患者可接受度及主观舒适感。
1
高春平, 柳莹, 王爱鹏. 加速康复策略在腹腔镜下胃减容术后患者ICU监护中的应用 [J]. 护理实践与研究, 2017, 14(20): 32-34.

2
刘亦婷, 秦昌富, 申英末, 等. 胃减容术治疗病态性肥胖的研究进展 [J/CD]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2016, 10(6): 444-446.

3
Lo ME, Szomstein S, Rosenthal RJ. Changing trends in bariatric surgery [J]. Scand J Surg, 2015, 104(1): 18-23.

4
Nishimura M. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in adults: physiological benefits, indication, clinical benefits, and adverse effects [J]. Respir Care, 2016, 61(4): 529-541.

5
黄金桔, 蔡晶晶, 蔡颖, 等. 经鼻高流量氧疗在急性呼吸衰竭患者拔管后的应用效果 [J]. 中国当代医药, 2019, 26(35): 42-44, 48.

6
刘皓晖. 浅谈肥胖的成因与危害及运动干预方法 [J]. 当代体育科技, 2020, 10(16): 231-234.

7
Dixon AE, Peters U. The effect of obesity on lung function [J]. Expert Rev Respir Med, 2018, 12(9): 755-767.

8
Vargas F, Saint-Leger M, Boyer A, et al. Physiologic effects of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen in critical care subjects [J]. Respir Care, 2015, 60(10): 1369-1376.

9
Nicole G, Antony T. High flow nasal oxygen generates positive airway pressure in adult volunteers [J]. Aust Crit Care, 2007, 20(4): 126-131.

10
Stephan F, Barrucand B, Petit P, et al. High-flow nasal oxygen vs noninvasive positive airway pressure in hypoxemic patients after cardiothoracic surgery: a randomized clinical trial [J]. JAMA, 2015, 313(23): 2331-2339.

11
Meurling IJ, Shea DO, Garvey JF. Obesity and sleep: a growing concern [J]. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2019, 25(6): 602-608.

12
Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A, et al. High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure [J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(23): 2185-2196.

13
Hernández G, Vaquero C, Colinas L, et al. Effect of postextubation high-flow nasal cannula vs noninvasive ventilation on reintubation and postextubation respiratory failure in high-risk patients: a randomized clinical trial [J]. JAMA, 2016, 316(15): 1565-1574.

14
Ricard JD, Roca O, Lemiale V, et al. Use of nasal high flow oxygen during acute respiratory failure [J]. Intensive Care Med, 2020, 9(8): 1-10.

15
Futier E, Paugam-Burtz C, Godet T, et al. Effect of early postextubation high-flow nasal cannula vs conventional oxygen therapy on hypoxaemia in patients after major abdominal surgery: a French multicentre randomised controlled trial (OPERA) [J]. Intensive Care Med, 2016, 42(12): 1888-1898.

16
Roca O, Caralt B, Messika J, et al. An index combining respiratory rate and oxygenation to predict outcome of nasal high-flow therapy [J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2019, 199(11): 1368-1376.

17
Goh KJ, Chai HZ, Ong TH, et al. Early prediction of high flow nasal cannula therapy outcomes using a modified ROX index incorporating heart rate [J]. J Intensive Care, 2020, 8: 41.

Outlines

/

京ICP 备07035254号-19
Copyright © Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 010-51322627 E-mail: ccm@cma.org.cn
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd