血小板减少症是指外周血中血小板计数（platelet，PLT）<100×10⁹/L而引起的临床综合征。据报道有13.0%~44.1%的重症患者可能发生血小板减少症，且血小板减少的程度是重症患者预后的重要预测指标之一。重症患者发生血小板减少症的原因众多，其中脓毒症相关的血小板减少症（sepsis induced thrombocytopenia，SIT）最为常见，约占50%。SIT的发生不仅延长重症患者ICU住院时间、机械通气时间及血管活性药物使用时间，同时可能导致出血相关性不良事件及全因病死率增加。目前尚缺乏SIT的监测、诊断及治疗规范，因此中华医学会重症医学分会专家制定《脓毒症相关的血小板减少症临床诊疗中国专家共识》，以期对此疾病进行规范化管理。

Airway clearance therapy is used to treat many diseases. This expert consensus is based on the impaired mechanism of airway clearance in critically ill patients, combined with the principles of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy, to select the appropriate treatment plan according to the following recommendations: (1) Hypertonic saline and isotonic saline atomization therapy can be used to induce the formation of sputum to facilitate specimen collection; (2) for patients with invasive mechanical ventilation, it is recommended that acetylcysteine be inhaled as needed according to the viscosity of airway secretion; (3) due to the lack of evidence on the safety and effectiveness of airway clearance drug inhalation, it is recommended not to use intravenous medication for aerosol inhalation; (4) before airway clearance, the causes of respiratory function and sputum excretion disorders should be evaluated to develop individualized airway clearance regimen; (5) PEP/OPEP can be used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiectasis, which is more effective than conventional physical therapy, The therapeutic effect depends on the selected device, the set resistance and the compliance of patients; (6) the combined application of airway clearance technology is better than a single modality. For patients with artificial airways, tracheoscopy combined with vibratory sputum treatment significantly increases the clearance of airway secretions; (7) mechanical cough assistive technology can be used for patients with expiratory muscles weakness, but should be used with caution in patients with obstructive airway disease.

The Chinese Society of Critical Care Medicine (CSCCM) has developed the clinical practice guidelines of nutrition assessment and monitoring for patients in adult intensive care unit (ICU) of China. This guideline focuses on nutrition assessment and metabolic monitoring to achieve the optimal and individualized nutrition therapy for critical ill patients. This guideline was made by experts in critical care medicine and evidence-based medicine methodology and was developed after a thorough system review and summary of relevant trials or studies published from 2000 to July 2023. A total of 18 recommendations were formed and consensus was reached through discussions and review by expert groups in critical care medicine, parenteral and enteral nutrition, and surgery. The recommendations are based on the currently available evidence and cover several key fields, including nutrition risk screening and assessment, evaluation and assessment of enteral feeding intolerance, metabolic and nutritional measurement and monitoring during nutrition therapy, and organ function evaluation related to nutrition supply. Each question was analyzed according to the PICO principle. In addition, interpretations were provided for four questions that did not reach a consensus but may have potential clinical and research value. The plan is to update this nutrition assessment and monitoring guideline using the international guideline update method within 3 to 5 years.