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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (01) : 66 -74. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2026.01.011

临床研究

血小板输注对脓毒症合并重度血小板减少症患者预后的影响
王仲, 郭兆天, 陈芊慧, 苗鹤, 苏婉婷, 丁仁彧()   
  1. 110001 沈阳,中国医科大学附属第一医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-02 出版日期:2026-02-28
  • 通信作者: 丁仁彧

Effect of platelet transfusion on the prognosis of patients with sepsis-associated severe thrombocytopenia

Zhong Wang, Zhaotian Guo, Qianhui Chen, He Miao, Wanting Su, Renyu Ding()   

  1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
  • Received:2025-07-02 Published:2026-02-28
  • Corresponding author: Renyu Ding
引用本文:

王仲, 郭兆天, 陈芊慧, 苗鹤, 苏婉婷, 丁仁彧. 血小板输注对脓毒症合并重度血小板减少症患者预后的影响[J/OL]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2026, 12(01): 66-74.

Zhong Wang, Zhaotian Guo, Qianhui Chen, He Miao, Wanting Su, Renyu Ding. Effect of platelet transfusion on the prognosis of patients with sepsis-associated severe thrombocytopenia[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(01): 66-74.

目的

基于MIMIC-Ⅳ数据库的回顾性分析,旨在探讨血小板输注对脓毒症合并重度血小板减少症患者预后的影响。

方法

纳入MIMIC-Ⅳ数据库中诊断为脓毒症合并重度血小板减少症的患者。根据是否接受血小板输注将其分为输注组(PLT≤50×109/L:708例,PLT≤20×109/L:214例)与非输注组(PLT≤50×109/L:1206例,PLT≤20×109/L:174例)。采用LASSO回归筛选预后相关变量,构建多因素Cox比例风险模型,评估血小板输注与病死率的相关性,计算HR及95%CI。

结果

研究共纳入1914例脓毒症合并重度血小板减少症患者(PLT≤50×109/L),输注组患者的病死率(35.20%)和器官支持治疗的程度(机械通气、肾脏替代治疗、体外膜肺氧合使用率分别为57.10%、13.80%、1.41%)均高于非输注组(23.10%、38.30%、8.60%、0.25%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素Cox回归分析表明,不同PLT阈值下输注血小板均未显著改善患者的28 d病死率(PLT≤50×109/L:HR=1.10,95%CI:0.90~1.36,P=0.346;PLT≤20×109/L:HR=0.94,95%CI:0.61~1.44,P=0.774)。年龄、白细胞计数、凝血酶原时间及活化部分凝血活酶时间是脓毒症合并重度血小板减少症患者预后不良的预测因子,而高白蛋白水平可能改善患者预后。

结论

基于现有阈值(≤50×109/L或≤20×109/L)的血小板输注策略未能改善脓毒症患者的预后,但结论仍需前瞻性研究进一步探讨。

Objective

This retrospective cohort study, utilizing the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅳ (MIMIC-Ⅳ) database, aimed to investigate the impact of platelet transfusion on prognosis of patients with sepsis-associated severe thrombocytopenia.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with sepsis-associated severe thrombocytopenia were identified from the MIMIC-Ⅳ database. Based on whether they received platelet transfusion, they were divided into transfusion and non-transfusion groups (PLT≤50×109/L: 708 cases; PLT≤20×109/L: 214 cases). Prognostic variables were identified using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. A Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to assess the association between platelet transfusion and mortality, with hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated.

Results

A total of 1,914 patients with sepsis-associated severe thrombocytopenia were included (PLT≤50×109/L). Patients in the transfusion group had higher mortality rates (35.20%) and more requirements for organ support therapies (mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation usage rates: 57.10%, 13.80%, and 1.41%, respectively) than those in the non-transfusion group (23.10%, 38.30%, 8.60%, and 0.25%, respectively), with all differences being statistically significant (P<0.01). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that platelet transfusion did not significantly improve 28-days mortality at either PLT threshold (PLT≤50×109/L: HR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.90-1.36, P=0.346; PLT≤20×109/L: HR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.61-1.44, P=0.774). Age, white blood cell count, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time were identified as independent predictors of poor prognosis, whereas, higher albumin levels were associated with improved outcomes.

Conclusion

Platelet transfusion strategies based on current thresholds (≤50×109/L or ≤20×109/L) did not demonstrate significant improvement in 28-day survival for patients with sepsis and severe thrombocytopenia in this retrospective analysis. These findings warrant validation through prospective studies.

图1 患者入组及分组流程图
表1 PLT ≤50×109/L脓毒症患者中血小板输注组与未输注组的基线比较
基线资料 血小板输注组(708例) 血小板未输注组(1206例) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
±s
59.59±14.91 62.31±14.45 t=3.02 <0.01
女性[例(%)] 416(58.80) 668(55.40) χ2=1.70 0.165
生命体征[MQR)]
心率(次/min) 93.15(80.78,103.36) 89.56(77.00,101.46) Z=4.06 <0.01
体温(℃) 36.78(36.44,37.14) 36.79(36.56,37.10) Z=0.89 0.366
呼吸频率(次/min) 19.63(17.03,23.18) 19.23(17.03,23.18) Z=2.42 0.017
平均动脉压(mmHg) 73.23(67.68,80.01) 73.36(67.82,81.00) Z=0.24 0.812
实验室指标[MQR)]
血红蛋白(g/dl) 7.20(6.40,8.30) 7.80(6.90,8.90) Z=11.10 <0.01
PLT(×109/L) 27.00(17.00,37.00) 37.00(27.00,45.00) Z=13.26 <0.01
白细胞(×109/L) 13.80(7.97,20.52) 12.60(7.80,19.55) Z=1.66 0.096
中性粒细胞比值(%) 78.50(67.33,85.70) 79.72(70.86,86.50) Z=5.39 <0.01
淋巴细胞比值(%) 9.50(5.28,17.44) 8.95(4.75,15.70) Z=2.00 0.045
白蛋白(g/dl) 2.70(2.30,3.20) 2.80(2.30,3.20) Z=1.73 0.085
总胆红素(mg/dl) 3.10(1.30,6.97) 2.10(0.90,5.10) Z=5.11 <0.01
血尿素氮(mmol/L) 30.00(18.73,50.50) 27.50(17.00,46.10) Z=3.28 <0.01
血肌酐(mg/dl) 1.60(1.00,3.00) 1.40(0.90,2.40) Z=3.65 <0.01
血糖(mg/dl) 156.00(121.00,216.00) 141.50(113.75,194.00) Z=7.31 <0.01
凝血酶原时间(s) 19.60(15.8,26.78) 18.30(15.00,24.5) Z=5.91 <0.01
部分凝血活酶时间(s) 43.35(33.30,62.08) 39.90(32.70,53.80) Z=6.85 <0.01
纤维蛋白原(mg/dl) 167.00(110.00,286.00) 198.00(132.25,353.50) Z=8.90 <0.01
国际标准化比值 1.80(1.40,2.50) 1.70(1.40,2.30) Z=5.74 <0.01
乳酸(mmol/L) 3.70(2.10,6.50) 2.80(1.80,5.40) Z=7.65 <0.01
氧合指数(mmHg) 132.75(87.02,234.25) 157.00(96.75,250.00) Z=2.52 0.012
疾病评分[分,MQR)]
SOFA评分 11.00(8.00,14.00) 9.00(6.00,12.00) Z=12.75 <0.01
SAPSⅡ评分 71.00(52.00,91.25) 56.00(41.00,76.00) Z=10.41 <0.01
SIRS评分 3.00(2.00,4.00) 3.00(2.00,3.00) Z=8.00 <0.01
治疗措施[例(%)]
升压药物应用 134(18.90) 143(11.90) χ2=14.52 <0.01
机械通气应用 404(57.10) 462(38.30) χ2=45.86 <0.01
肾脏替代治疗 98(13.80) 104(8.60) χ2=10.25 <0.01
体外膜肺氧合 10(1.41) 3(0.25) χ2=9.86 <0.01
主动脉内球囊反搏 13(1.80) 16(1.33) χ2=0.68 0.398
红细胞输注 533(75.03) 457(37.89) χ2=156.32 <0.01
血浆输注 389(54.63) 218(17.88) χ2=186.55 <0.01
28 d病死率[例(%)] 249(35.20) 279(23.10) χ2=19.87 <0.01
表2 PLT≤20 × 109 /L脓毒症患者中血小板输注组与未输注组的基线特征比较
基线资料 血小板输注组 (214例) 血小板未输注组 (174例) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
±s)
60.17±14.45 62.95±15.52 t=1.83 0.069
女性[例(%)] 119(55.60) 89(51.10) χ2=0.65 0.413
生命体征[MQR)]
心率(次/min) 95.10(83.40,106.19) 90.86(80.74,101.32) Z=1.98 0.042
体温(℃) 36.83(36.46,37.28) 36.89(36.64,37.13) Z=1.06 0.289
呼吸频率(次/min) 20.87(17.79,24.26) 20.17(17.07,23.00) Z=2.01 0.044
平均动脉压(mmHg) 72.93(66.53,79.76) 73.76(68.32,80.75) Z=1.46 0.145
实验室指标[MQR)]
血红蛋白(g/dl) 7.20(6.20,8.10) 7.40(6.70,8.80) Z=2.32 0.022
PLT(×109/L) 13.00(9.25,17.00) 16.00(13.00,19.00) Z=5.86 <0.01
白细胞(×109/L) 13.95(6.23,23.98) 11.90(7.05,18.40) Z=2.37 0.018
中性粒细胞比值(%) 77.00(59.25,86.00) 79.75(70.10,85.96) Z=1.94 0.054
淋巴细胞比值(%) 8.88(4.25,18.70) 9.15(5.00,16.15) Z=0.05 0.956
白蛋白(g/dl) 2.60(2.20,3.27) 2.70(2.40,3.20) Z=1.11 0.269
总胆红素(mg/dl) 2.85(1.20,6.60) 2.10(0.70,5.00) Z=2.50 0.013
血尿素氮(mmol/L) 36.50(22.75,58.33) 28.40(17.25,48.22) Z=2.84 0.005
肌酐(mg/dl) 1.80(1.10,3.38) 1.40(0.90,2.40) Z=2.92 0.004
血糖(mg/dl) 161.50(120.75,214.25) 148.00(117.75,205.25) Z=0.83 0.205
凝血酶原时间(s) 19.00(15.60,24.20) 18.50(14.72,23.98) Z=0.71 0.479
部分凝血活酶时间(s) 41.20(31.90,59.90) 38.00(30.00,51.35) Z=2.04 0.041
纤维蛋白原(mg/dl) 233.00(132.00,361.00) 259.50(135.75,441.25) Z=1.12 0.260
国际标准化比值 1.80(1.40,2.20) 1.70(1.40,2.20) Z=0.61 0.542
乳酸(mmol/L) 4.10(2.00,6.10) 3.40(2.10,6.05) Z=0.54 0.585
氧合指数(mmHg) 117.33(80.71,191.25) 148.00(93.00,250.00) Z=1.89 0.059
疾病评分[MQ1Q3)]
SOFA评分 12.00(9.00,15.00) 9.00(6.00,12.00) Z=6.25 <0.01
SAPSⅡ评分 77.00(61.25,98.00) 54.00(40.00,73.75) Z=7.18 <0.01
SIRS评分 3.00(3.00,4.00) 3.00(2.00,3.00) Z=4.36 <0.01
治疗措施[例(%)]
升压药物应用 53(24.80) 22(12.60) χ2=8.92 <0.01
机械通气应用 112(52.30) 55(31.60) χ2=12.86 <0.01
肾脏替代治疗 37(17.30) 21(12.10) χ2=1.90 0.119
主动脉内球囊反搏 1(0.47) 1(0.57) χ2=0.02 0.900
红细胞输注 148(69.20) 55(31.60) χ2=38.65 <0.01
血浆输注 95(45.23) 21(11.93) χ2=36.28 <0.01
28天病死率[例(%)] 82(38.30) 44(25.30) χ2=6.87 <0.01
表3 PLT≤50×109/L脓毒症患者28 d病死率相关因素的多因素Cox分析
表4 PLT≤20×109/L脓毒症患者28 d病死率相关因素的多因素Cox分析
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