成功的心肺复苏（CPR）不仅是恢复患者自主循环（ROSC），其最终目的是保护或尽可能恢复完整的脑功能。对CPR术后个体而言，低温治疗的综合效应不确定。高度异质性使得低温治疗不适合所有ROSC患者。合适人群选择是低温治疗的关键，且要防范相应的并发症。基于多模态的脑功能监测进行精准化的体温治疗有望改善ROSC患者的预后。因此，如何针对ROSC患者进行目标体温管理（TTM），仍需不断去探索、研究及实践。

Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation extends beyond the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), its ultimate goal is the preservation and recovery of neurological function. However, the overall benefit of hypothermia therapy following cardiopulmonary resuscitation remains uncertain, largely due to substantial patient heterogeneity. Consequently, targeted temperature management (TTM) may not be universally applicable to all patients achieving ROSC. Appropriate patient selection is therefore critical to optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of TTM, while careful prevention and management of treatment-related complications are equally important during temperature modulation. Precision temperature management guided by multimodal neurological monitoring may improve neurological outcomes and overall prognosis in selected ROSC patients. Nevertheless, the optimal implementation strategy for TTM following cardiac arrest continues to require further clinical investigation, refinement, and validation.