Abstract:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health problem that has high mortality and morbidity and contributes to physical, mental, and cognition disorders, leading to heavy personal, family, and social burdens. Therefore, the prognostic evaluation of TBI patients is essential for assessing TBI patients' long-term injury and recovery, predicting the medical request of the patients and families, comparing analysis reports among medical centers, and evaluating the clinical effectiveness of routine and novel treatments. The prognosis of TBI is complex and variable due to differences in injury factors, injury mechanisms, and clinical symptoms, as well as individual heterogeneity. The evaluations of TBI includes outcomes, consciousness, physiological function, cognition, mental state, and quality of life. Many studies have suggested that a single indicator could not be enough to evaluate the clinical outcomes and clinical effect. And it is a big challenge to evaluate the prognosis of TBI through multi-step standardization and different dimensions analyses. The combination of early injury severity, injury mechanism, and pathological characteristic with the prognostic and predictive factors for TBI might bring up a good clinical dynamic model for prognosis prediction, which might be a direction to evaluate TBI in the future. This review addresses the outcome assessment of TBI using prognostic and predictive evaluation tools and discusses their applications. We also discuss the development of prognostic evaluation of TBI and the related shortcomings, and offer a new perspective for this area.

Key words: Traumatic brain injury, Prognostic evaluation, Predictive analysis