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Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition) ›› 2024, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (03): 303-309. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2024.03.016

• Case Report • Previous Articles    

Thyroid storm associated with Evans syndrome with upper gastrointestinal bleeding as the first manifestation: a case report and literature review

Xiaorong Dong1, Xiaoxuan Ma1, Xiaojuan Zheng1, Qiaolan Ren2, Xisheng Jin3, Li Ma1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 733030, China
    2. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiayuguan First People’s Hospital, Jiayuguan 735100, China
    3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuwei People’s Hospital, Wuwei 733000, China
  • Received:2023-08-01 Online:2024-08-28 Published:2024-09-06
  • Contact: Li Ma

Abstract:

Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition that requires rapid diagnosis and urgent treatment, and it is a complication of Graves’ disease (GD) that is untreated or insufficiently treated. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the first manifestation, and there is no previous history of thyroid function, and Evans syndrome (ES) is a rare clinical complication. This paper reported a patient with thyroid storm with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage as the first manifestation. After admission, his complication such as liver injury, acute renal failure, disturbance of consciousness, acute respiratory failure, circulatory failure, epilepsy and shock occurred. Thyroid storm was quickly diagnosed and GD was diagnosed for the first time. During the treatment with anti-thyroid drugs, there was a decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) and platelets. After relevant examinations, ES was considerd. After treatment with Glucocorticoid and intravenous Gamma globulin, Hb and platelets gradually increased. After discharge, he continued to take Thiamazole and Methylprednisolone orally, and took regular reexamination every half month. At present, his kidney function and platelets were normal, and Hb was in the rising stage. This case suggests that GD can have many different clinical manifestations, thyroid storm is extrem clinical manifestation, and the diagnosis is challenging. The combination of ES is not a coincidence, as both of them are autoimmune diseases. The treatment of Thiamazole combined with Methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin can improve the patient’s Hb and platelet and recover the condition.

Key words: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Thyroid storm, Graves’ disease, Evans syndrome

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