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Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (03): 267-277. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2025.03.009

• Critical Care Research • Previous Articles    

Development of an interpretable machine learning model for predicting prolonged mechanical ventilation in adults after cardiac valve surgery

Meng Deng1, Xingxing Zhang2,(), Xiaoqing Li1, Yun Yu1, Wenchun Wang1, Hailiang Li1, Haiyun Huang1, Xiangfei Meng1, Wen Ma1, Chenwei Pan1   

  1. 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
    2 Department of Nursing, Pukou Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210000, China
  • Received:2024-09-24 Online:2025-08-28 Published:2026-01-15
  • Contact: Xingxing Zhang

Abstract:

Objective

To develop and validate an interpretable machine learning model for predicting the risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in adult patients requiring mechanical ventilation after cardiac valve surgery in ICU.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to ICU after cardiac valve surgery who received mechanical ventilation at a tertiary hospital between July 1, 2023 and June 30, 2024, was conducted. Feature selection was performed using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. The dataset was randomly split into a training set and a validation set in a ratio of 7∶3. Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. Several ML models were evaluated and compared based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F1 score. The optimal model was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).

Results

Among the 711 patients included, 143(20.1%) developed PMV. The logistic regression model demonstrated excellent discriminative ability, with an AUC for 0.903 (95%CI: 0.869-0.938) in the training set and 0.899 (95%CI: 0.854-0.943) in the validation set. SHAP analysis identified the following top predictors of PMV (in descending order of importance): lactate level ≥ 4 mmol/L at 6 hours post-operation, new-onset atrial fibrillation, cardiopulmonary bypass time ≥ 180 minutes, type of surgery, mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) ≥ 35 mmHg, ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 0.35, partial pressure of oxygen < 90 mmHg, preoperative renal failure, re-do valve replacement, chest tube drainage ≥ 600 ml at 6 hours post-operation, and APACHE Ⅱ score≥ 21.

Conclusion

We developed an interpretable prediction model that performs well in identifying adult patients at high risk for PMV following cardiac valve surgery. The use of SHAP enhances the clinical utility of the model by providing insights into key risk factors, thereby aiding ICU clinicians in early risk stratification and potentially facilitating interventions to shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation.

Key words: Cardiac valve surgery, Prolonged mechanical ventilation, Prediction model

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