In May 2023, the American Society of Critical Care evaluated the neurology, peritransplant, infectious and gastrointestinal disease of acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in ICU, integrated the latest clinical relevant studies, issued clinical management guidelines, put forward 28 recommendations and core points with clinical practice value, which has important clinical value in guiding the diagnosis and treatment practice of ALF and ACLF in ICU. By interpreting the guide, this paper encourages clinicians, especially critical care physicians, to deeply understand and apply the guide scientifically.