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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (03) : 216 -222. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2022.03.006

临床研究

扬州地区老年COVID-19患者临床特征分析及俯卧位通气疗效评价
吴晓燕1, 杨志祥1, 於江泉1, 郑瑞强1,()   
  1. 1. 225001 江苏扬州,扬州大学临床医学院 江苏省苏北人民医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-14 出版日期:2022-08-28
  • 通信作者: 郑瑞强
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省扬州市“十三五”科教强卫重点人才项目(ZDRC20181); 江苏省社会发展重点专项项目(BE2017691); 江苏省苏北人民医院院扶持技术项目(fcjs202024)

Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and the prone position ventilation effects in elderly patients with novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in Yangzhou area

Xiaoyan Wu1, Zhixiang Yang1, Jiangquan Yu1, Ruiqiang Zheng1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medicine College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
  • Received:2022-02-14 Published:2022-08-28
  • Corresponding author: Ruiqiang Zheng
引用本文:

吴晓燕, 杨志祥, 於江泉, 郑瑞强. 扬州地区老年COVID-19患者临床特征分析及俯卧位通气疗效评价[J]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2022, 08(03): 216-222.

Xiaoyan Wu, Zhixiang Yang, Jiangquan Yu, Ruiqiang Zheng. Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and the prone position ventilation effects in elderly patients with novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in Yangzhou area[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(03): 216-222.

目的

评价扬州地区老年新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的临床特征及俯卧位通气的疗效。

方法

纳入2021年8月至9月我院新区分院符合COVID-19诊疗方案(试行第八版)诊断标准的老年患者82例,年龄(74±8)岁,重症(重型、危重型)、非重症(轻型、普通型)患者分别为22、60例。重症患者分为气管插管组和非气管插管组,比较COVID-19患者的临床特征以及俯卧位通气对重症患者氧合、呼吸驱动等的影响。

结果

82例患者28 d病死率为0。入院第7天(D7)重症患者比例显著高于入院第14天(D14)重症患者比例,差异有统计学意义(26.8% vs 7.3%,P<0.05)。D7需机械通气患者比例较入院第1天(D1)显著增加,差异有统计学意义(11.0% vs 3.7%,P<0.05),与D14(6.1%)相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与非重症患者相比,重症患者年龄、合并2种及以上基础病的比例、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、白介素-6(IL-6)水平显著升高,基础动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2)显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。22例重症患者中有5例患者行气管插管机械通气,气管插管组男性比例、平均年龄、吸气努力(Pmus)、体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)比例、住院时间显著高于非气管插管组,ROX指数、氧合指数(P/F)、插管前俯卧位时间显著低于非气管插管组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重症患者俯卧位通气1 h后ROX指数较俯卧位通气前显著升高,呼吸频率(RR)、Pmus较俯卧位通气前显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5例患者出现压疮不良反应。

结论

扬州地区老年COVID-19患者入院7 d左右重症患者比例最高,14 d左右重症患者比例显著降低。年龄越大、基础病越多、炎症指标水平越高、氧合越差者病情更重。俯卧位通气能改善氧合、降低呼吸驱动。

Objective

To evaluate the clinical characteristics and disease progression and the prone position ventilation effects in the elderly patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Yangzhou area.

Methods

The patients of more than 60 years old with COVID-19 pneumonia meeting the COVID-19 pneumonia diagnostic criteria (trial version 8) in New District Branch of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from August to September 2021 were enrolled, 22 severe (severe and critical) and 60 non-severe (light and ordinary) patients with mean age of (74±8) years were included. The severe patients were divided into endotracheal intubation and non-endotracheal intubation patients. The clinical characteristics of patients and the effects of prone ventilation on oxygenation, respiratory drive in severe patients were compared.

Results

A total of 82 patients with the 28 day mortality was 0. The proportion of severe patients on the seventh day of admission (D7) was higher than that on the 14 th day of admission (D14), the difference was statistically significant (26.8% vs 7.3%, P<0.05). The proportion of mechanical ventilation in D7 was significantly higher than that in D1, the difference was statistically significant (11.0% vs 3.7%, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference compared with D14 (6.1%) (P>0.05). Compared with non-severe patients, the age, the proportion of patients with two or more basic diseases, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) of severe patients increased significantly, and the basic arterial pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) decreased significantly, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Among the 22 severe patients, 5 patients were intubated for mechanical ventilation. The proportion of male, the average age, the inspiratory muscle pressure (Pmus), the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) ratio and the hospital days in the intubated group were significantly higher than those in the non-intubated group, and the index combining respiratory rate and oxygenation (ROX index), the P/F and the prone position time before intubation were significantly lower than those in the non-intubated group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After 1 hour of ventilation in prone position, the Rox index increased and the Pmus and the respiratory rate (RR) decreased significantly compared with that before prone position, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Adverse reactions of pressure ulcer occurred in 5 of all patients.

Conclusions

The proportion of severe cases in elderly patients with COVID-19 in Yangzhou area is the highest on the 7th day after admission, and decrease significantly on the 14th day. The older age, the more basic diseases, the higher inflammatory index and the worse oxygenation are associated with the more serious disease. Prone position ventilation can improve oxygenation, reduce the respiratory drive.

图1 无创呼吸驱动下吸气努力测试示意图注:1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa
表1 老年COVID-19重症患者与非重症患者临床情况比较
表2 重症患者气管插管及非气管插管患者临床情况比较(
xˉ
±s
表3 俯卧位通气对COVID-19重症患者氧合以及呼吸驱动的影响(
xˉ
±s
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