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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (03) : 223 -229. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2022.03.007

临床研究

液体过负荷对脓毒症相关性AKI接受CRRT患者主要肾脏不良事件的影响
付丽1, 赵宸龙1, 段美丽1, 林瑾1,()   
  1. 1. 100050 北京,首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-18 出版日期:2022-08-28
  • 通信作者: 林瑾
  • 基金资助:
    北京市属医院科研培育计划项目(PX2021003)

Impact of fluid overload on major adverse kidney events in critically ill patients with septic acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy

Li Fu1, Chenlong Zhao1, Meili Duan1, Jin Lin1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • Received:2022-07-18 Published:2022-08-28
  • Corresponding author: Jin Lin
引用本文:

付丽, 赵宸龙, 段美丽, 林瑾. 液体过负荷对脓毒症相关性AKI接受CRRT患者主要肾脏不良事件的影响[J]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2022, 08(03): 223-229.

Li Fu, Chenlong Zhao, Meili Duan, Jin Lin. Impact of fluid overload on major adverse kidney events in critically ill patients with septic acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(03): 223-229.

目的

探讨液体过负荷(FO)对脓毒症相关性急性肾损伤(septic AKI)接受持续性肾替代治疗(CRRT)患者主要肾脏不良事件(MAKE)的影响。

方法

对首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院重症医学科2015年1月至2019年6月收治的septic AKI接受CRRT的223例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据患者FO分为2组(FO>5%和FO≤5%),收集CRRT启动时患者的人口学特征,肌酐基线值,临床基本资料,合并症,实验室数据,ICU到CRRT时间,CRRT启动前24 h内尿量以及疾病严重程度评估,入院到CRRT启动时累计液体平衡。应用logistic回归分析观察FO是否是此类患者发生MAKE的独立危险因素。

结果

223例接受CRRT的脓毒性AKI患者的MAKE发生率为72.1%;FO>5%的患者28 d MAKE发生率明显高于FO≤5%的患者,差异有统计学意义(88.3% vs 60.2%,P<0.001)。调整混杂因素的二元logistic回归显示FO>5%的患者与发生MAKE风险独立相关(OR=4.680,95%CI:1.990~11.006,P<0.001)。

结论

在接受CRRT的septic AKI危重患者中,FO>5%与MAKE风险增加独立相关。

Objective

To examine the impact of fluid overload (FO) on major adverse kidney events (MAKE) in critically ill patients with septic acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with septic AKI treated with CRRT between January 2015 and June 2019 in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. The patients were divided into two groups based on the fluid overload (fluid overload greater than 5% and fluid overload less than or equal to 5%). The demographic characteristics of patients at CRRT initiation, creatinine baseline values, basic clinical data, comorbidities, laboratory data, ICU to CRRT time, urine volume within 24 h before CRRT initiation, and disease severity assessment, and cumulative fluid balance from admission to CRRT initiation were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of MAKE.

Results

A total of 223 patients were enrolled, the occurrence rate of MAKE was 71.2%. Patients with fluid overload greater than 5% were more likely to experience 28-day major adverse kidney events than those with fluid overload less than or equal to 5% (88.3% vs 60.2%, P<0.001). Binary logistic regression adjusted for confounders showed that fluid overload greater than 5% was found to be independently associated with MAKE.

Conclusion

In critically ill patients with septic AKI requiring continuous renal replacement therapy, greater than 5% fluid overload is associated with higher risk of 28-day major adverse kidney events, including mortality and decreased renal recovery.

图1 研究对象纳入流程图注:AKI为急性肾损伤;CRRT为连续性肾替代治疗
表1 FO≤5%组和FO>5%组脓毒症相关性AKI患者的基线特征比较
基线特征 全部(223例) FO≤5%组(103例) FO>5%组(120例) 统计值 P
人口学特征
年龄(岁,
x¯
±s
64.3±17.9 63.3±18.0 65.1±17.7 t=0.672 0.502
男性[例(%)] 138(61.9) 68(66.0) 70(58.3) χ2=1.388 0.239
身高(cm,
x¯
±s
167.3±13.7 168.7±8.0 166.1±17.2 t=1.290 0.197
体质量(kg,
x¯
±s
68.4±16.6 71.9±17.7 65.4±15.1 t=3.083 0.002
肌酐基线值[μmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 85.5(66.5,136.4) 91.0(74.0,171.2) 79.7(62.7,105.0) Z=3.670 <0.001
合并症[例(%)]
高血压 87(39.0) 43(41.7) 44(36.7) χ2=0.601 0.438
冠心病 60(26.9) 30(29.1) 30(25.0) χ2=0.480 0.488
糖尿病 68(30.5) 38(36.9) 30(25.0) χ2=3.699 0.054
慢性肾病 38(17.0) 18(17.4) 20(16.7) χ2=0.026 0.873
实验室指标
白细胞(×109/L,
x¯
±s
13.3±8.9 13.9±8.3 12.8±9.4 t=1.735 0.083
血红蛋白(g/L,
x¯
±s
92.8±27.0 95.6±28.9 90.4±25.0 t=0.968 0.333
血小板计数[×109/L,MQ25Q75)] 103.0(51.0,171.0) 114.0(55.0,183.0) 88.5(49.3,157.3) Z=1.670 0.095
血肌酐[μmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 261.5(169.9,435.8) 288.8(190.5,483.8) 241.3(150.2,407.3) Z=2.332 0.020
尿素氮[mmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 21.0(14.1,31.3) 21.1(15.6,32.0) 20.9(13.5,31.0) Z=0.128 0.898
血钾(mmol/L,
x¯
±s
4.6±0.8 4.6±0.7 4.6±0.8 t=0.193 0.847
血钠(mmol/L,
x¯
±s
142.8±7.9 140.6±7.6 144.8±7.6 t=4.101 <0.001
总胆红素[μmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 19.1(10.6,50.2) 19.1(11.5,50.2) 19.1(10.1,51.2) Z=0.124 0.901
白蛋白(g/L,
x¯
±s
25.6±4.6 26.3±4.1 25.0±4.9 t=2.689 0.007
降钙素原[ng/ml,MQ25Q75)] 5.1(1.4,16.2) 4.5(1.3,17.1) 5.4(1.5,15.4) Z=0.233 0.816
pH值(
x¯
±s
7.35±0.10 7.36±0.10 7.35±0.99 t=0.993 0.321
碳酸氢根(mmol/L,
x¯
±s
21.6±6.3 20.8±6.3 22.4±6.2 t=1.781 0.075
氧合指数[mmHg,MQ25Q75)] 188.6(124.0,270.0) 210.0(138.2,282.9) 162.7(117.8,266.9) Z=1.783 0.075
乳酸[mmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 2.1(1.3,4.4) 2.2(1.3,4.4) 2.1(1.4,4.6) Z=0.077 0.939
NT-proBNP[pg/ml,MQ25Q75)] 13 685.0(2 756.0,29 755.0) 15 109.0(3 969.0,30 000.0) 11 400.0(2 646.5,27 897.0) Z=0.933 0.351
ICU到CRRT时间[d,MQ25Q75)] 1(0,2) 0(0,1) 1(0,3.75) Z=3.624 <0.001
CRRT启动前24 h内尿量[ml,MQ25Q75)]
455.0(240.0,850.0) 425.0(240.0,785.0) 480.0(250.0,874.0) Z=0.888 0.375
SOFA评分(分,
x¯
±s
10.6±3.9 10.3±3.8 10.8±4.0 t=0.822 0.411
APACHEⅡ评分(分,
x¯
±s
24.4±6.8 23.1±6.9 24.8±6.7 t=2.040 0.041
脓毒症休克[例(%)] 157(70.4) 65(63.1) 92(76.7) χ2=4.891 0.027
机械通气[例(%)] 148(66.4) 60(58.3) 88(73.3) χ2=5.647 0.017
表2 发生MAKE组和未发生MAKE组脓毒症相关性AKI患者的基线特征比较
基线特征 全部(223例) 未发生MAKE组(55例) 发生MAKE组(168例) 统计值 P
人口学特征
年龄(岁,
x¯
±s
64.3±17.9 59.1±18.3 66.0±17.4 t=2.592 0.010
男性[例(%)] 138(61.9) 39(70.9) 99(58.9) χ2=2.521 0.112
身高(cm,
x¯
±s
167.3±13.7 169.2±7.5 166.7±15.2 t=1.397 0.163
体质量(kg,
x¯
±s
68.4±16.6 70.6±15.4 67.8±17.0 t=1.258 0.208
肌酐基线值[μmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 85.5(66.5,136.4) 86.2(72.1,165.8) 84.5(66.1,127.2) Z=1.301 0.193
合并症[例(%)]
高血压 87(39) 22(40.0) 65(38.7) χ2=0.030 0.863
冠心病 60(26.9) 11(20.0) 49(29.2) χ2=1.770 0.183
糖尿病 68(30.5) 15(27.3) 53(31.5) χ2=0.357 0.550
慢性肾病 38(17.0) 10(18.1) 28(16.7) χ2=0.067 0.795
实验室指标
白细胞(×109/L,
x¯
±s
13.3±8.9 15.7±9.9 12.5±8.4 t=2.336 0.020
血红蛋白(g/L,
x¯
±s
92.8±27.0 104.2±31.5 89.0±24.2 t=3.291 0.001
血小板计数[×109/L,MQ25Q75)] 103.0(51.0,171.0) 98.0(54.0,177.0) 105.5(50.3,165.5) Z=0.525 0.600
血肌酐[μmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 261.5(169.9,435.8) 289.3(211.8,458.3) 261.2(159.1,434.7) Z=0.913 0.361
尿素氮[mmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 21.0(14.1,31.3) 18.4(13.9,29.7) 22.0(14.3,32.0) Z=1.463 0.144
血钾(mmol/L,
x¯
±s
4.6±0.8 4.4±0.6 4.7±0.8 t=2.084 0.037
血钠(mmol/L,
x¯
±s
142.8±7.9 141.0±8.1 143.4±7.8 t=1.784 0.074
总胆红素[μmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 19.1(10.6,50.2) 19.7(11.4,44.5) 19.0(10.6,52.0) Z=0.187 0.852
白蛋白(g/L,
x¯
±s
25.6±4.6 26.4±4.4 25.4±4.7 t=1.654 0.098
降钙素原[ng/ml,MQ25Q75)] 5.1(1.4,16.2) 8.6(3.8,17.1) 4.0(1.2,15.5) Z=2.542 0.011
pH值(
x¯
±s
7.35±0.10 7.38±0.11 7.35±0.09 t=1.982 0.047
碳酸氢根(mmol/L,
x¯
±s
21.6±6.3 20.5±5.8 22.0±6.4 t=1.238 0.216
氧合指数[mmHg,MQ25Q75)] 188.6(124.0,270.0) 204.0(114.7,280.0) 185.2(121.9,270.0) Z=1.099 0.272
乳酸[mmol/L,MQ25Q75)] 2.1(1.3,4.4) 1.7(1.3,4.4) 2.3(1.3,4.5) Z=0.990 0.322
NT-proBNP[pg/ml,MQ25Q75)] 13 685.0(2 756.0,2 9755.0) 742.0(1 192.0,23 442.0) 16 685.0(4 522.0,30 000.0) Z=2.887 0.004
ICU到CRRT时间[d,MQ25Q75)] 1(0,2) 1(0,1) 1(0,3) Z=2.244 0.025
CRRT启动前24 h内尿量[ml,MQ25Q75)] 455.0(240.0,850.0) 380.0(240.0,680.0) 467.5(250.0,871.3) Z=1.347 0.499
SOFA评分(分,
x¯
±s
10.6±3.9 9.6±4.1 10.9±3.8 t=2.030 0.042
APACHEⅡ评分(分,
x¯
±s
24.4±6.8 21.7±5.4 24.7±7.1 t=2.789 0.005
脓毒症休克[例(%)] 157(70.4) 31(56.4) 126(75.0) χ2=6.906 0.009
机械通气[例(%)] 148(66.4) 29(52.7) 119(70.8) χ2=6.086 0.014
FO[%,MQ25Q75)] 5.59(2.89,10.23) 3.11(1.57,3.67) 6.60(3.59,11.76) Z=4.722 0.000
表3 FO≤5%组和FO>5%组脓毒症相关性AKI患者主要及次要临床结局分析
图2 FO≤5%组和FO>5%组脓毒症相关性AKI患者28 d全因病死率的Kaplan-Meier曲线分析注:FO为液体过负荷;AKI为急性肾损伤
表4 FO作为连续变量和分类变量下患者28 d MAKE发生率的单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析
变量 单位 单因素模型 连续变量(FO每增加1%) 分类变量(FO>5% vs FO≤5%)
OR(95%CI) P OR(95%CI) P OR(95%CI) P
FO 每增加1% 1.143(1.061~1.232) <0.001 1.076(0.993~1.166) 0.073 - -
FO>5% 与FO≤5%相比 5.007(2.529~9.911) <0.001 - - 4.680(1.990~11.006) <0.001
年龄 每增加1岁 1.021(1.004~1.039) 0.014 1.028(1.007~1.050) 0.009 1.029(1.006~1.052) 0.011
女性 与男性相比 1.699(0.880~3.281) 0.114 1.827(0.759~4.395) 0.178 1.799(0.736~4.398) 0.198
SOFA评分 每增加1分 1.086(1.003~1.117) 0.043 1.126(0.999~1.269) 0.051 1.119(0.987~1.268) 0.078
感染性休克 2.323(1.228~4.392) 0.010 1.919(0.756~4.869) 0.170 2.156(0.818~5.683) 0.120
机械通气 2.177(1.165~4.069) 0.015 0.989(0.386~2.537) 0.982 0.960(0.358~2.576) 0.936
白细胞 每增加1×109/L 0.093(0.932~0.995) 0.023 0.928(0.889~0.968) 0.001 0.926(0.887~0.967) <0.001
血红蛋白 每升高10 g/dl 0.811(0.721~0.912) 0.000 0.981(0.966~0.996) 0.011 0.979(0.964~0.995) 0.008
血钾 每升高0.1 mmol/L 1.504(1.009~1.100) 0.018 1.070(1.041~1.129) 0.014 1.084(1.023~1.148) 0.006
pH值 每升高0.1 0.657(0.468~0.924) 0.016 0.698(0.450~1.083) 0.108 0.721(0.464~1.120) 0.146
NT-proBNP 每升高1000 pg/ml 1.036(1.008~1.064) 0.012 1.027(0.994~1.062) 0.111 1.006(1.003~1.010) 0.048
入ICU到CRRT时间 每增加1 d 1.316(1.071~1.671) 0.009 1.289(0.996~1.666) 0.053 4.680(1.990~11.006) <0.001
图3 FO与28 d MAKE发生率的限制性立方条样图。红线为OR值,虚线区域对应95%CI
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