随着重症医学及相关技术的发展，重症肾脏病的研究不断深入。在ICU内，针对危重病相关急性肾损伤（AKI）、慢性肾脏病（CKD）、肾移植管理、疑难肾脏病及血液净化治疗的研究取得突破。例如，静脉注射氨基酸可有效预防心脏术后AKI，降低其发生率和肾脏替代治疗（RRT）需求。同时，人工智能技术的应用，如AKI预警系统结合个体化治疗，可显著改善患者临床结局。本文回顾过去1年内重症肾脏病的研究进展与热点，为临床和未来研究提供参考。

With the development of critical care medicine and related technology，the research of critical kidney disease has been deepened. In the ICU，breakthroughs have been made in the research of critical illness-related acute kidney injury （AKI），chronic kidney disease （CKD），kidney transplantation management，difficult kidney disease and blood purification treatment. For example，intravenous amino acids are effective in preventing AKI after cardiac surgery，reducing its incidence and the need for renal-replacement therapy （RRT）. At the same time，the application of artificial intelligence technology，such as AKI early warning system combined with individualized treatment，can significantly improve the clinical outcome of patients. This article reviews the research progress and hotspots of critical kidney disease in the past year，so as to provide reference for clinical and future research.