Infection is one of the commonest complications after cardiac surgery, which associated with increased the length of ICU stay, healthcare costs and mortality. At present, there are still some misunderstanding in the diagnosis and treatment of infection after cardiac surgery, which need to be solved urgently. We outline the clinical process of diagnosis-treatment-reassessment-adjustment and standardize physician's behavior for postoperative infection based on the recent guidelines and consensus, in order to improve the antibiotic management, decrease the infection rate and bacterial resistance after cardiac surgery.