The establishment of a national organ donation and transplantation system has gone through a long and difficult process in China. A nationwide organ donation system that followed the guiding principles of the World Health Organization and conformed to our national conditions was initially established under the leadership of Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) and China Red Cross Federation after 10-years unremitting efforts. This symbolized a new era in the history of organ donation and transplantation in China during which citizens voluntary donations is the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Despite all the improvement, China's organ donation and transplantation system is still in the infancy and has a long way to go. Critical care medicine, as one of the main subjects in organ donation, related to many key points and plays an indispensable role in this system.