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Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (04): 351-359. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2025.04.005

• Clinical Research • Previous Articles    

Effect and mechanism of inhaled nitric oxide on oxygenation in patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

Rui Zhang1, Xueyan Yuan1, Yuxuan Wang2, Ling Liu1,()   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
    2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
  • Received:2025-04-28 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: Ling Liu

Abstract:

Objective

To evaluate the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) on oxygenation and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) matching in patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods

Adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who met the Berlin criteria, had an oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) ≤ 200 mmHg, and received invasive mechanical ventilation in the Department of Intensive Care Medicine at Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated to Southeast University from January 2023 to March 2024, were prospectively enrolled. Vital signs, respiratory mechanics, arterial blood gas analysis and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data were collected at baseline and 30 minutes after iNO. V/Q matching, shunt and dead space fraction were analyzed using EIT offline analysis. The changes in gas exchange and V/Q in patients before and after iNO treatment were evaluated.

Results

Twenty-four patients were enrolled, with the median age of 75 (65, 83) years. In the overall population, PaO2/FiO2 increased [206.2(159.6, 231.5) mmHg vs 168.7 (150.1, 181.4) mmHg, P<0.001] after iNO, accompanied by decreased shunt fraction [18.2 (11.5, 24.2)% vs 22.7 (11.6, 27.4)%, P=0.001], and improved V/Q matching [75.3 (65.6, 79.9)% vs 71.1 (61.9, 79.3)%, P=0.002], while the dead space fraction was unchanged. A significant correlation was found between changes in PaO2/FiO2 and shunt fraction following iNO (r=-0.461, P=0.023). Among the 11 Oxygenation responders, iNO significantly reduced the shunt fraction and improved V/Q matching among responders, whereas these effects were not significant in the non-responders.

Conclusion

In patients with moderate to severe ARDS, iNO improves oxygenation possibly by reducing the shunt fraction.

Key words: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Inhaled nitric oxide, Ventilation/perfusion matching

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