近20年来，我国体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）技术飞速发展，ECMO中心数量、年操作例数均迅速增长。但我国ECMO支持患者病死率仍高于国际平均水平。为进一步规范我国成人ECMO技术操作，以促进我国ECMO技术的高质量发展，由中日友好医院-国家呼吸医学中心牵头整合国内相关领域专家制定了《成人体外膜肺氧合技术操作规范（2024年版）》（以下简称《规范》）。《规范》为ECMO的临床操作与管理制定了标准并明确了重点，也为ECMO行业管理提供了依据。制定和推广《规范》，促进我国ECMO技术临床应用规范化、同质化，不仅有利于提高医疗质量和医疗安全，对于推进学科的高质量发展具有深远意义。本文旨在从技术背景、核心内容、临床实践意义及未来发展方向等角度对《规范》进行系统解读。通过分析当前ECMO技术应用中的挑战与机遇，强调规范制定对提升医疗质量、保障患者安全及推动学科发展的关键作用，为临床医师和研究者提供参考依据。

Over the past 20 years，extracorporeal membrane oxygenation （ECMO） technology has seen rapid development in China，marked by a significant increase in the number of ECMO centers and annual operations. However，the mortality rate among ECMO-supported patients in China remains higher than the international average. To further standardize adult ECMO technical operation and promote the highquality development of ECMO technology in China，the China-Japan Friendship Hospital-National Center for Respiratory Medicine has spearheaded the integration of domestic experts in related fields to formulate the Practice Standards for Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Technology （2024 Edition） （hereinafter referred to as thePractice Standard）. ThePractice Standard establishes criteria and clarifies key points for the clinical operation and management of ECMO. Additionally，it provides a framework for the management of the ECMO industry. The formulation and dissemination of thePractice Standard aim to enhance the standardization and homogenization of the clinical application of ECMO technology in China. This initiative will not only improve medical quality and safety but also have profound implications for advancing the highquality development of the discipline. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic interpretation of the standard from the perspectives of technical background，core contents of the standard，clinical practice implications，and future development directions. By analyzing the current challenges and opportunities in the application of ECMO technology，it highlights the critical role of standard development in enhancing medical quality，ensuring patient safety，and promoting disciplinary advancements，ultimately offering reference evidence for clinicians and researchers.