Application and research progress of lipidomics in acute respiratory distress syndrome

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2024.02.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung disease characterized by intractable hypoxemia. Lipidomics is a new subject for systematic analysis of lipids in organisms, tissues or cells and factors interacting with lipids. More and more attention has been paid to its role in the occurrence and diagnosis of diseases. In recent years, many metabolites screened based on lipidomics have been proposed as potential biomarkers to evaluate the early development and prognosis of ARDS, and provide a basis for new targeted interventions. We reviewed the application of lipidomics in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, heterogeneity, prognosis and treatment of ARDS in this review.

Key words: Lipidomics, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Application

Canglan Sun, Lili Huang, Xiaoyu Li, Haibo Qiu. Application and research progress of lipidomics in acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(02): 127-135.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://icu.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2024.02.006

https://icu.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V10/I02/127

Figures/Tables 3

References 54

1	Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, et al. Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries [J]. JAMA, 2016, 315(8): 788-800.
2	Bos LDJ, Ware LB. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes [J]. Lancet (London, England), 2022, 400(10358): 1145-1156.
3	Cioccari L, Luethi N, Masoodi M. Lipid mediators in critically ill patients: a step towards precision medicine [J]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 599853.
4	Yang K, Han X. Lipidomics: techniques, applications, and outcomes related to biomedical sciences [J]. Trends Biochem Sci, 2016, 41(11): 954-969.
5	Khaing P, Pandit P, Awsare B, et al. Pulmonary circulation in obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome [J]. Compr Physiol, 2019, 10(1): 297-316.
6	Varela ML, Mogildea M, Moreno I, et al. Acute inflammation and metabolism [J]. Inflammation, 2018, 41(4): 1115-1127.
7	Glasser JR, Mallampalli RK. Surfactant and its role in the pathobiology of pulmonary infection [J]. Microbes Infect, 2012, 14(1): 17-25.
8	Griese M. Pulmonary surfactant in health and human lung diseases: state of the art [J]. Eur Respir J, 1999, 13(6): 1455-1476.
9	Numata M, Chu HW, Dakhama A, et al. Pulmonary surfactant phosphatidylglycerol inhibits respiratory syncytial virus-induced inflammation and infection [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2010, 107(1): 320-325.
10	Perino J, Crouzier D, Spehner D, et al. Lung surfactant DPPG phospholipid inhibits vaccinia virus infection [J]. Antiviral Res, 2011, 89(1): 89-97.
11	Numata M, Kandasamy P, Nagashima Y, et al. Phosphatidylglycerol suppresses influenza A virus infection [J]. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2012, 46(4): 479-487.
12	Stables MJ, Gilroy DW. Old and new generation lipid mediators in acute inflammation and resolution [J]. Prog Lipid Res, 2011, 50(1): 35-51.
13	Pienkos SM, Moore AR, Guan J, et al. Effect of total cholesterol and statin therapy on mortality in ARDS patients: a secondary analysis of the SAILS and HARP-2 trials [J]. Crit Care, 2023, 27(1): 126.
14	Yang L, Luo Z, Shi X, et al. Different value of HDL-C in predicting outcome of ARDS secondary to bacterial and viral pneumonia: a retrospective observational study [J]. Heart Lung, 2021, 50(1): 206-213.
15	Han X, Gross RW. Global analyses of cellular lipidomes directly from crude extracts of biological samples by ESI mass spectrometry: a bridge to lipidomics [J]. J Lipid Res, 2003, 44(6): 1071-1079.
16	Fahy E, Subramaniam S, Brown HA, et al. A comprehensive classification system for lipids [J]. J Lipid Res, 2005, 46(5): 839-861.
17	Harkewicz R, Dennis EA. Applications of mass spectrometry to lipids and membranes [J]. Annu Rev Biochem, 2011, 80: 301-325.
18	Schex R, Lieb VM, Jiménez VM, et al. HPLC-DAD-APCI/ESI-MS(n) analysis of carotenoids and α-tocopherol in Costa Rican Acrocomia aculeata fruits of varying maturity stages [J]. Food Res Int, 2018, 105: 645-653.
19	Kühn C, Von Oesen T, Herz C, et al. In vitro determination of protein conjugates in human cells by LC-ESI-MS/MS after Benzyl Isothiocyanate exposure [J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2018, 66(26): 6727-6733.
20	Shao Y, Zhu B, Zheng R, et al. Development of urinary pseudotargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics method and its application in hepatocellular carcinoma biomarker discovery [J]. J Proteome Res, 2015, 14(2): 906-916.
21	Borisjuk L, Rolletschek H, Neuberger T. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of lipid in living plants [J]. Prog Lipid Res, 2013, 52(4): 465-487.
22	Li J, Vosegaard T, Guo Z. Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in lipid analyses: an emerging powerful tool for lipidomics studies [J]. Prog Lipid Res, 2017, 68: 37-56.
23	Han X, Gross RW. Shotgun lipidomics: electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis and quantitation of cellular lipidomes directly from crude extracts of biological samples [J]. Mass Spectrom Rev, 2005, 24(3): 367-412.
24	Lin M, Wang Z, Wang D, et al. Mathematical model-assisted UHPLC-MS/MS method for global profiling and quantification of cholesteryl esters in hyperlipidemic golden hamsters [J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91(7): 4504-4512.
25	Schlotterbeck J, Chatterjee M, Gawaz M, et al. Comprehensive MS/MS profiling by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS using SWATH data-independent acquisition for the study of platelet lipidomes in coronary artery disease [J]. Anal Chim Acta, 2019, 1046: 1-15.
26	Kim SH, Yang JS, Lee JC, et al. Lipidomic alterations in lipoproteins of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. J Chromatogr A, 2018, 1568: 91-100.
27	Li Z, Guan M, Lin Y, et al. Aberrant lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma revealed by liver lipidomics [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2017, 18(12): 2550.
28	Chen Y, Ma Z, Shen X, et al. Serum lipidomics profiling to identify biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Biomed Res Int, 2018, 2018: 5276240.
29	Yang R, Zhang Y, Qian W, et al. Surfactant lipidomics of alveolar lavage fluid in mice based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry [J]. Metabolites, 2019, 9(4): 80.
30	Gika H, Virgiliou C, Theodoridis G, et al. Untargeted LC/MS-based metabolic phenotyping (metabonomics/metabolomics): the state of the art [J]. J Chromatogr B, Anal Technol Biomed life Sci, 2019, 1117: 136-147.
31	Mandal R, Chamot D, Wishart DS. The role of the human metabolome database in inborn errors of metabolism [J]. J Inherit Metab Dis, 2018, 41(3): 329-336.
32	Hallman M, Spragg R, Harrell JH, et al. Evidence of lung surfactant abnormality in respiratory failure. Study of bronchoalveolar lavage phospholipids, surface activity, phospholipase activity, and plasma myoinositol [J]. J Clin Invest, 1982, 70(3): 673-683.
33	Seeds MC, Grier BL, Suckling BN, et al. Secretory phospholipase A2-mediated depletion of phosphatidylglycerol in early acute respiratory distress syndrome [J]. Am J Med Sci, 2012, 343(6): 446-451.
34	Dushianthan A, Goss V, Cusack R, et al. Altered molecular specificity of surfactant phosphatidycholine synthesis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome [J]. Respir Res, 2014, 15(1): 128.
35	Dushianthan A, Cusack R, Grocott MPW, et al. Abnormal liver phosphatidylcholine synthesis revealed in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome [J]. J Lipid Res, 2018, 59(6): 1034-1045.
36	Nestel PJ. Fish oil and cardiovascular disease: lipids and arterial function [J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2000, 71(1 Suppl): 228S-231S.
37	Urakaze M, Hamazaki T, Makuta M, et al. Infusion of fish oil emulsion: effects on platelet aggregation and fatty acid composition in phospholipids of plasma, platelets, and red blood cell membranes in rabbits [J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 1987, 46(6): 936-940.
38	Cotogni P, Trombetta A, Muzio G, et al. The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid modulates inflammatory mediator release in human alveolar cells exposed to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ARDS Patients [J]. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 642520.
39	Zhang SY, Shao D, Liu H, et al. Metabolomics analysis reveals that benzo[a]pyrene, a component of PM (2.5), promotes pulmonary injury by modifying lipid metabolism in a phospholipase A2-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro [J]. Redox Biol, 2017, 13: 459-469.
40	Evans CR, Karnovsky A, Kovach MA, et al. Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid differentiates acute respiratory distress syndrome from health [J]. J Proteome Res, 2014, 13(2): 640-649.
41	Bos LDJ, Weda H, Wang Y, et al. Exhaled breath metabolomics as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for acute respiratory distress syndrome [J]. Eur Respir J, 2014, 44(1): 188-197.
42	Stringer KA, Jones AE, Puskarich MA, et al. ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-detected lipids associated with apoptosis differentiate early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from sepsis [J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2014, 189: A5000.
43	Rogers AJ, Contrepois K, Wu M, et al. Profiling of ARDS pulmonary edema fluid identifies a metabolically distinct subset [J]. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2017, 312(5): L703-L709.
44	Xu J, Pan T, Qi X, et al. Increased mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome was associated with high levels of plasma phenylalanine [J]. Respir Res, 2020, 21(1): 99.
45	Alipanah-Lechner N, Neyton L, Mick E, et al. Plasma metabolic profiling implicates dysregulated lipid metabolism and glycolytic shift in hyperinflammatory ARDS [J]. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2023, 324(3): L297-L306.
46	Viswan A, Ghosh P, Gupta D, et al. Distinct metabolic endotype mirroring acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subphenotype and its heterogeneous biology [J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 2108.
47	Yan Y, Chen J, Liang Q, et al. Metabolomics profile in acute respiratory distress syndrome by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia [J]. Respir Res, 2022, 23(1): 172.
48	Lorente JA, Nin N, Villa P, et al. Metabolomic diferences between COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza induced ARDS [J]. Crit Care, 2021, 25(1): 390.
49	Maile MD, Standiford TJ, Engoren MC, et al. Associations of the plasma lipidome with mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a longitudinal cohort study [J]. Respir Res, 2018, 19(1): 60.
50	Tao Q, Zhang ZD, Qin Z, et al. Aspirin eugenol ester alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats while stabilizing serum metabolites levels [J]. Front Immunol, 2022, 13: 939106.
51	Rosas LE, Doolittle LM, Joseph LM, et al. Postexposure liponucleotide prophylaxis and treatment attenuates acute respiratory distress syndrome in influenza-infected mice [J]. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2021, 64(6): 677-686.
52	Abdulnour RE, Gunderson T, Barkas I, et al. Early intravascular events are associated with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. A substudy of the LIPS-A clinical trial [J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2018, 197(12): 1575-1585.
53	Jeon YG, Kim YY, Lee G, et al. Physiological and pathological roles of lipogenesis [J]. Nat Metab, 2023, 5(5): 735-759.
54	Züllig T, Trötzmüller M, Köfeler HC. Lipidomics from sample preparation to data analysis: a primer [J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2020, 412(10): 2191-2209.

文献	年份（年）	研究目的	研究对象	实验组人群及样本量	对照组人群及样本量	样本类型	分析平台	ARDS相关脂质代谢物
Seeds等^[33]	2012	ARDS发病机制	人	ARDS患者（18例）	健康对照者（10例）	BALF	HPLC-ELSD	分泌型磷脂酶、前列腺素
Dushianthan等^[34]	2014	ARDS发病机制	人	ARDS患者（10例）	健康对照者（10例）	BALF	ESI-MS	血浆磷脂酰胆碱
Dushianthan等^[35]	2018	ARDS发病机制	人	ARDS患者（10例）	健康对照者（10例）	血浆	ESI-MS	PC16：0_18：2、PUFA、甲基-D9-PC、甲基-D3-PC、甲基-D6-PC
Cotogni等^[38]	2015	ARDS发病机制	人	ARDS患者（12例）	-	BALF	LC-MS、GC-MS	前列腺素E2、花生四烯酸
Zhang等^[39]	2017	ARDS发病机利	大鼠	PM2.5诱导的ALI/ARDS大鼠	-	BALF	UHPLC-MS/MS	鞘脂代谢物、游离脂肪酸
Evans等^[40]	2014	ARDS诊断	人	ARDS患者（18例）	健康对照者（8例）	BALF	LC-MS	磷脂酰胆碱
Bos等^[41]	2014	ARDS诊断	人	入ICU 24 h内进行机械通气的ARDS患者（42例）	入ICU 24 h内进行机械通气的非ARDS患者（59例）	呼出气	GC-MS	辛烷、乙醛、3-甲基庚烷
Stringer等^[42]	2014	ARDS诊断	人	ARDS患者（14例）	非机械通气的脓零在患者（33例）	血清	H-NMR	总脂质、总亚甲基脂质和总胆碱水平
Rogers等^[43]	2017	ARDS诊断	人	ARDS患者（16例）	静水性肺水肿患者（13例）	肺水肿液	UHPLC-MS/MS	1/3的ARDS患者中脂质代谢物水平显著升高
Xu等^[44]	2020	ARDS诊断	人	ARDS患者（42例）	健康对照者（28例）	血浆	UHPLC-MS/MS	1-亚油酰甘油胆碱、PC（16，0/0：0）、磷脂酰胆碱溶酶18：2、LysoPC20：4（5Z，8Z，11Z，14Z）
Aipanah等^[45]	2023	ARDS异质性	人	ARDS高炎症表型患者（35例）	ARDS低炎在表型患者（58例）	血浆	UHPLC-MS/MS	循环亚油酸（LA，多不饱和脂肪酸-6系列）、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二联六烯酸（DHA）
Viswan等^[46]	2019	ARDS异质性	人	ARDS.患者	择期手术的机械通气患者	血清、mBALF	H-NMR	无
				严重程度：血清（176例）mBALF（146例）	血清（68例）mBALF（40例）
				异质性：血清（147例）mBALF（128例）
Yan等^[47]	2022	ARDS异质性	人	合并ARDS的CAP患者（43例）	未合并ARDS的CAP患者（45例）	血清、尿液	NMR	胆碱（AUC0.866）
Lorente等^[48]	2021	ARDS异质性	人	COVID-19合并ARDS患者（18例）	IAP合并ARDS患者（20例）	血清	HR-MAS NMR	甘油酯、甘油磷脂、胆碱、游离多不饱和脂肪酸
Maile等^[49]	2018	ARDS预后	人	ARDS患者死亡组（8例）	ARDS患者存活组（22例）	血浆	LC-MS	SM43：1，TG56：6，TG52：6、TG52：5
Xu等^[44]	2020	ARDS预后	小鼠	注射苯丙氨酸ARDS小鼠	注射萃丙氨酸/PBS ARDS小鼠	血浆	UHPLC-MSMS	d-苯丙氨酸、肉豆蔻酸、油酸
Tao等^[50]	2022	ARDS治疗	大鼠	ARDS注射AEE组	ARDS对照组	血清	UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS	髓过氧化物酶、丙二醛
Ross等^[51]	2021	ARDS治疗	小鼠	注射流感病毒浓液ARDS小鼠	注射流感病毒稀释液ARDS小鼠	肺组织	ESI-MS	总磷脂酰胆碱、神经酰胺、磷脂酰肌醇、溶血磷脂、游离脂肪酸
Abdulnour等^[52]	2018	ARDS治疗	人	ARDS患者阿司匹林组（184例）	ARDS患者安慰剂组（183例）	血清	NMR	脂素A4（15-epi-LXA4）

文献	年份（年）	研究目的	研究对象	实验组人群及样本量	对照组人群及样本量	样本类型	分析平台	ARDS相关脂质代谢物
Seeds等^[33]	2012	ARDS发病机制	人	ARDS患者（18例）	健康对照者（10例）	BALF	HPLC-ELSD	分泌型磷脂酶、前列腺素
Dushianthan等^[34]	2014	ARDS发病机制	人	ARDS患者（10例）	健康对照者（10例）	BALF	ESI-MS	血浆磷脂酰胆碱
Dushianthan等^[35]	2018	ARDS发病机制	人	ARDS患者（10例）	健康对照者（10例）	血浆	ESI-MS	PC16：0_18：2、PUFA、甲基-D9-PC、甲基-D3-PC、甲基-D6-PC
Cotogni等^[38]	2015	ARDS发病机制	人	ARDS患者（12例）	-	BALF	LC-MS、GC-MS	前列腺素E2、花生四烯酸
Zhang等^[39]	2017	ARDS发病机利	大鼠	PM2.5诱导的ALI/ARDS大鼠	-	BALF	UHPLC-MS/MS	鞘脂代谢物、游离脂肪酸
Evans等^[40]	2014	ARDS诊断	人	ARDS患者（18例）	健康对照者（8例）	BALF	LC-MS	磷脂酰胆碱
Bos等^[41]	2014	ARDS诊断	人	入ICU 24 h内进行机械通气的ARDS患者（42例）	入ICU 24 h内进行机械通气的非ARDS患者（59例）	呼出气	GC-MS	辛烷、乙醛、3-甲基庚烷
Stringer等^[42]	2014	ARDS诊断	人	ARDS患者（14例）	非机械通气的脓零在患者（33例）	血清	H-NMR	总脂质、总亚甲基脂质和总胆碱水平
Rogers等^[43]	2017	ARDS诊断	人	ARDS患者（16例）	静水性肺水肿患者（13例）	肺水肿液	UHPLC-MS/MS	1/3的ARDS患者中脂质代谢物水平显著升高
Xu等^[44]	2020	ARDS诊断	人	ARDS患者（42例）	健康对照者（28例）	血浆	UHPLC-MS/MS	1-亚油酰甘油胆碱、PC（16，0/0：0）、磷脂酰胆碱溶酶18：2、LysoPC20：4（5Z，8Z，11Z，14Z）
Aipanah等^[45]	2023	ARDS异质性	人	ARDS高炎症表型患者（35例）	ARDS低炎在表型患者（58例）	血浆	UHPLC-MS/MS	循环亚油酸（LA，多不饱和脂肪酸-6系列）、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二联六烯酸（DHA）
Viswan等^[46]	2019	ARDS异质性	人	ARDS.患者	择期手术的机械通气患者	血清、mBALF	H-NMR	无
				严重程度：血清（176例）mBALF（146例）	血清（68例）mBALF（40例）
				异质性：血清（147例）mBALF（128例）
Yan等^[47]	2022	ARDS异质性	人	合并ARDS的CAP患者（43例）	未合并ARDS的CAP患者（45例）	血清、尿液	NMR	胆碱（AUC0.866）
Lorente等^[48]	2021	ARDS异质性	人	COVID-19合并ARDS患者（18例）	IAP合并ARDS患者（20例）	血清	HR-MAS NMR	甘油酯、甘油磷脂、胆碱、游离多不饱和脂肪酸
Maile等^[49]	2018	ARDS预后	人	ARDS患者死亡组（8例）	ARDS患者存活组（22例）	血浆	LC-MS	SM43：1，TG56：6，TG52：6、TG52：5
Xu等^[44]	2020	ARDS预后	小鼠	注射苯丙氨酸ARDS小鼠	注射萃丙氨酸/PBS ARDS小鼠	血浆	UHPLC-MSMS	d-苯丙氨酸、肉豆蔻酸、油酸
Tao等^[50]	2022	ARDS治疗	大鼠	ARDS注射AEE组	ARDS对照组	血清	UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS	髓过氧化物酶、丙二醛
Ross等^[51]	2021	ARDS治疗	小鼠	注射流感病毒浓液ARDS小鼠	注射流感病毒稀释液ARDS小鼠	肺组织	ESI-MS	总磷脂酰胆碱、神经酰胺、磷脂酰肌醇、溶血磷脂、游离脂肪酸
Abdulnour等^[52]	2018	ARDS治疗	人	ARDS患者阿司匹林组（184例）	ARDS患者安慰剂组（183例）	血清	NMR	脂素A4（15-epi-LXA4）

[1]	Daoran Dong, Yuan Zong, Yan Wang, Chengqiao Jing, Jiawei Ren. Application of right heart protective ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: a prospective randomized controlled trail [J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2023, 16(06): 461-468.
[2]	Yuanyuan Xu, Yueqi Zhao, Xue Li, Yan Qu. Research progress on clinical application and mechanism of moxibustion in virus warts [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 390-394.
[3]	Huiling Long, Mi Lin, Ting Shao. Research progress and application of three-dimensional spherical mesenchymal stem cell culture technology [J]. Chinese Journal of Cell and Stem Cell(Electronic Edition), 2023, 13(04): 229-234.
[4]	Yue Liu, Chun Pan. Muscle relaxants titration in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: necessity and feasibility [J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(02): 108-112.
[5]	Yongguang Wang, Peng Zhu, Qianjin Xu, Guifen Gan, Zhongshan Shi, Chun Pan. Diagnostic criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome: what to update [J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(02): 113-117.
[6]	Nan Shi, Xueyan Yuan, Haibo Qiu. Current application and advances in lung recruitment in ARDS [J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(02): 118-126.
[7]	Jingjing Wang, Hui Xie, Puyu Deng, Chenchen Zhang, Xue Tian, Yun Xie, Ruilan Wang. Prone positioning improves ventilation distribution and ventilation-perfusion matching assessed by electrical impedance tomography in COVID-19 patients with ARDS [J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(01): 31-37.
[8]	Haonan Li, Yupeng Zhang, Yan Fu, Jiwei Feng, Kai Liu, Wenkai Zhang. Advances in the study of Connexin 43 in lung diseases [J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(01): 60-65.
[9]	Mengshi Lu, Wei Liu, Jiawei Ma, Dandan Ji, Xuan Jia, Xinping Zhan, Liang Luo. Application progress of artificial intelligence in acute respiratory distress syndrome management [J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(01): 66-71.
[10]	Hanbing Chen, Cuilin Chu, Haibo Qiu. New insights in macrophage dying mechanisms in acute respiratory distress syndrome [J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(01): 79-84.
[11]	Zexue Qi, Lianhui Zhao, Guangchuan Wang, Chunqing Zhang. Discuss of the progress of clinical application of transjugular intrahepatic portal shunt from domestic expert consensus recommendation [J]. Chinese Journal of Digestion and Medical Imageology(Electronic Edition), 2024, 14(03): 193-196.
[12]	Ji Wang, Ying Zhang, Xue Gu, Penglei Yang, Qihong Chen. Effect of mesenchymal stem cell microbubbles on pulmonary fibrosis in mice with acute respiratory distress syndrome: an experimental study [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(01): 72-78.
[13]	Ruihao Wang, Yunlu Jiang, Yanjun Tian. Research progress on the physiological and pathological effects of apelin/APJ system [J]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2024, 12(02): 138-142.
[14]	Chao Ji, Qun Xiang. Effects of acetylcholine receptor on T cell subsets and inflammatory cytokines in ARDS mice [J]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2024, 12(01): 50-56.
[15]	Jing Yan, Qi Han, Yuan Jiang. Clinical application value of continuous nursing based on WeChat platform in self-management of obese patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease after operation [J]. Chinese Journal of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease(Electronic Edition), 2023, 10(04): 216-221.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export