During the pandemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia, a patient with fourth ventricle-medulla tumor and obstructive hydrocephalus was admitted into the Neurosurgical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University. After successful resection of the tumor, this patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome in a very short period, acute 2019-nCoV infection need to be ruled out with an image of infiltration and elevated blood biomarkers. She had a medical history of influenza A and B virus infection, which posed challenges in differential diagnosis, clinical treatment and personal prevention for medical staffs. This case report exhibits the comprehensive treatment and emergency control procedures in COVID-19 pandemic, and further analyzes potential mechanism of neurogenic pulmonary edema based on brain-lung crosstalk theory, which might help to provide appropriate medical decisions for patients with severe neurological diseases in the future.