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中华重症医学电子杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 07 ›› Issue (04) : 339 -346. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2021.04.010

重症医学研究

气道压力释放通气对ARDS患者有效性的Meta分析与试验序贯分析
张莹1, 岳伟岗1,(), 蒋由飞1, 袁鹏1, 尹瑞元1, 冯鑫1, 张志刚1, 田金徽2, 李斌1   
  1. 1. 730000 兰州大学第一医院重症医学科
    2. 730000 兰州大学循证医学中心 甘肃省循证医学与临床转化重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-29 出版日期:2021-11-28
  • 通信作者: 岳伟岗

Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis : The effectiveness of airway pressure release ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Ying Zhang1, Weigang Yue1,(), Youfei Jiang1, Peng Yuan1, Ruiyuan Yin1, Xin Feng1, Zhigang Zhang1, Jinhui Tian2, Bin Li1   

  1. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    2. Evidence Based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Transformation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2020-04-29 Published:2021-11-28
  • Corresponding author: Weigang Yue
引用本文:

张莹, 岳伟岗, 蒋由飞, 袁鹏, 尹瑞元, 冯鑫, 张志刚, 田金徽, 李斌. 气道压力释放通气对ARDS患者有效性的Meta分析与试验序贯分析[J]. 中华重症医学电子杂志, 2021, 07(04): 339-346.

Ying Zhang, Weigang Yue, Youfei Jiang, Peng Yuan, Ruiyuan Yin, Xin Feng, Zhigang Zhang, Jinhui Tian, Bin Li. Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis : The effectiveness of airway pressure release ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. Chinese Journal of Critical Care & Intensive Care Medicine(Electronic Edition), 2021, 07(04): 339-346.

目的

评价气道压力释放通气(APRV)对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的有效性。

方法

应用计算机检索美国国立医学图书馆PubMed数据库、科学网(Web of Science)、Cochrane图书馆数据库、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普数据库(VIP)、万方数据库2019年12月31日以前公开发表的关于APRV对ARDS患者疗效的临床随机对照试验,并通过纳入文献的参考文献进行引证检索。试验组采用APRV,对照组采用传统机械通气(CV);结局指标包括住院病死率、ICU住院时间、肺顺应性、氧合指数及平均气道压。纳入文献的质量由2名经过专业培训的循证医学研究人员完成,对符合质量标准的文献进行Meta分析,同时采用试验序贯分析(TSA)方法评价APRV对ARDS患者住院病死率样本量的情况。

结果

纳入8篇文献,共纳入患者461例患者,其中APRV组232例、CV组229例。结果显示APRV能够降低ARDS患者住院病死率(OR=0.63,95%CI=0.40~0.97,P=0.04),TSA结果显示Meta分析的样本量还未达到期望信息量,为避免假阳性结果的出现,还需进一步扩大临床样本量来验证结果的可靠性;APRV能够缩短ARDS患者ICU住院时间(OR=-4.14,95%CI=-6.81~-1.47,P=0.002);同时APRV能够改善ARDS患者肺部顺应性(MD=5.12,95%CI=0.33~9.91,P=0.04);但2组在改善氧合及平均气道压方面并无差异。

结论

APRV较CV能够降低ARDS患者住院病死率、缩短ARDS患者ICU住院时间、改善肺部顺应性;2组在改善患者氧合及平均气道压方面无差异。

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of airway pressure release ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Methods

We searched the US National Library of Medicine PubMed database, Web of Science, Cochrane Library Database, China Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, VIP and Wanfang Database for randomized controlled clinical trials published before December 31, 2019 on the efficacy of APRV in patients with ARDS, in which the control groups used conventional mechanical ventilation, and the experimental groups used airway pressure release ventilation; outcomes included hospital mortality, ICU hospitalization time, lung compliance, oxygenation index, and mean airway pressures. The quality of the selected literature was evaluated by two professionally trained evidence-based medicine researchers.Meta-analysis was performed on the literature that met the quality criteria. The sequential analysis method was used to evaluate the sample size of the hospitalized mortality rate of ARDS patients treated with APRV.

Results

Eight articles were selected and 461 patients were enrolled, with 232 in the APRV group and 229 in the CV group. The results showed that APRV can reduce the mortality of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.40~0.97, P=0.04). The TSA results show that in order to avoid the occurrence of false positive results further research is needed, the clinical sample size should be expanded to verify the reliability of the results; APRV can shorten the ICU stay of ARDS patients (OR=-4.14, 95%CI=-6.81~-1.47, P=0.002); APRV can improve Pulmonary compliance in patients with ARDS (MD=5.12, 95%CI=0.33~9.91, P=0.04); but there was no difference in improving oxygenation and mean airway pressure between the two groups.

Conclusion

APRV can decrease the mortality of ARDS patients, shorten their ICU stay, and improve their lung compliance. There is not any difference in improving oxygenation and mean airway pressure between the two groups.

图1 纳入文献的筛选流程注:RCT为随机对照试验;CCT为临床对照试验
表1 APRV对ARDS患者有效性的Meta分析纳入文献的基本特征
纳入文献 例数(例) 性别(例,男/女) 年龄(岁,
x¯
±s
干预措施 主要观察 指标
试验组 对照组 试验组 对照组 试验组 对照组 试验组 对照组
Putensen 20014 15 15 11/4 13/2 40±5 42±6 模式:APRV;Phigh=75%Ppeak;Plow=0;Thigh=4.2 s;Tlow=0.8 s 模式:PCV;VT=6~8 ml/kg; 心肺功能
Varpula 20045 30 28 21/9 18/10 50.0 44.0 模式:APRV;Phigh=UIP;Plow=LIP;Thigh=4 s;Tlow=1 s 模式:PC-SIMV+PS;VT=6~8 ml/kg; 28 d脱机时长
Zhou 20056 37 38 20/17 18/20 45±12 43±15 模式:APRV;Phigh=75%Ppeak;Plow=0;Thigh=4.2 s;Tlow=0.8 s 模式:SIMV;VT=6~8 ml/kg; 呼吸功能
Li 20157 26 26 未提及 未提及 62.2±16.0 65.5±15.2 模式:APRV;Phigh=30 cmH2O;Plow=0;Thigh=4~8 s;Tlow=0.4~0.8 s 模式:SIMV+PEEP;VT=6~8 ml/kg;Pplat<35 cmH2O 心肺功能
Song 20168 10 12 7/3 6/6 63 73 模式:APRV;Phigh=UIP;Plow=LIP;Thigh=4.0 s;Tlow=1.0 s 模式:SIMV+PEEP;VT=6~8 ml/kg;Ppeak<35 cmH2O 呼吸力学指标
Li 20169 26 26 未提及 未提及 54.3±8.4 53.6±9.5 模式:APRV;Phigh=30 cmH2O;Plow=LIP+2 cmH2O;Thigh=4~8 s;Tlow=0.4~0.8 s

模式:SIMV+PEEP;

PEEP=LIP+2 cmH2O

肺功能
Zhou 201710 71 67 50/21 41/36 51.5±15.0 52.0±15.1 模式:APRV;Phigh=Pplat;Plow=5 cmH2O;RR=10~14次/分;Tlow>50%呼气峰流速;MVst=30% of MVtot 模式:VC;VT=6 ml/kg 28 d脱机时长
Hirshberg 201811 17 17 12/5 8/9 57±16 51±14 模式:APRV;Phigh=Pplat;Plow=5 cmH2O;Thigh=4~6 s;Tlow=50%~75%呼气峰流速 模式:VC;VT=6~8 ml/kg 氧合指数
表2 纳入文献的偏倚风险评价
图2 APRV对ARDS患者住院病死率的影响注:APRV为气道压力释放通气;CV为传统机械通气;ARDS为急性呼吸窘迫综合征
图3 APRV对ARDS患者住院病死率的TSA分析注:APRV为气道压力释放通气;ARDS为急性呼吸窘迫综合征;TSA为试验序贯分析
图4 APRV对ARDS患者住院病死率的敏感度分析注:APRV为气道压力释放通气;ARDS为急性呼吸窘迫综合征
图5 APRV对ARDS患者ICU住院时间的影响注:APRV为气道压力释放通气;CV为传统机械通气;ARDS为急性呼吸窘迫综合征;ICU为重症医学科
图6 APRV对ARDS患者肺部顺应性的影响注:APRV为气道压力释放通气;ARDS为急性呼吸窘迫综合征
图7 APRV对ARDS患者氧合指数的影响注:APRV为气道压力释放通气;ARDS为急性呼吸窘迫综合征
图8 APRV对ARDS患者平均气道压的影响注:APRV为气道压力释放通气;ARDS为急性呼吸窘迫综合征
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